抗肿瘤用药的应用及进展

新的抗肿瘤药物的研发目前已成为肿瘤治疗中的热点。对肿瘤细胞病理机制的日益深入探讨为抗肿瘤新药的开发提供了基础。目前在肿瘤治疗药物开发中新作用靶点的研究被重点推崇,这类药物被相继开发出来（如紫杉烷类）。针对DNA小沟部位的药物如卡折来新等已经开始在临床应用。顺铂及其同类物在临床中应用较为广泛,最近对其机理的研究也取得了新的进展。JM216由于具有与胞嘧啶类似的结构而容易被体内的DNA整合。在临床应用中其对非小细胞肺癌的抑制作用明显,但最适应用剂量及应用疗程的问题仍然没有得到解决。另外针对细胞信号转导通路的药物如蛋白激酶C抑制剂等在肿瘤治疗中的研究也成为新的热点。一些抗肿瘤老药的新用途也正在成为肿瘤治疗药物开发中的新关注对象。

The application of anti-tumor drugs and research process

Anticancer drug development has recentlyshifted in part to development of more innovative antican-cer agents. The increasing knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in cancer cell growth has enabled the introduction of drug screening that is more mechanism-based. The realization that new targets should be preferentially evaluated as sites for anticancer drug treatment has led to the introduction of drugs such as the taxanes. Following this logic, several new drugs are being developed. Minor groove-binding agents such as carzelesin have recently entered clinical studies. New researches about the cancer inhibition of cisplatine and its analogs have been found.The activity of JM 216 is a result of its being a cytidine analogue and being competitively incorporated by DNA; the drug has shown interesting activity in non-small-cell lung cancer and,although registration is imminent, issues regarding theoptimal dose and administration schedule have yet to beresolved. Drugs interfering with cellular signal transduction, such as the protein kinase C inhibitors, are in the development spotlight. Finally, the use of old drugs in new ways, such as immunoconjugates of doxorubicin, holds promise for the near future.