角膜内皮层培养及后板层移植的实验研究

目的探讨体外构建角膜内皮层并进行移植的可能性。方法体外培养的兔角膜内皮细胞种植于羊膜基底膜上,形成单层角膜内皮层,并进行形态学、组织学及超微结构的观察。将构建的角膜内皮层对切除后板层的兔角膜进行移植,同时以无培养内皮细胞的羊膜移植作为对照,术后观察角膜透明度及厚度,对内皮层进行形态学和组织学观察。结果角膜内皮细胞在羊膜上生长呈单层,细胞为多角形,排列紧密,其形态及结构与正常兔角膜内皮组织相似。培养内皮层移植后,角膜维持相对透明及薄度;而对照眼角膜严重水肿、混浊,厚度明显大于实验眼角膜(P<0.01)。培养内皮移植后具正常内皮层的结构和功能。结论羊膜是培养角膜内皮细胞移植的良好载体,培养角膜内皮移植有望治疗角膜内皮失偿疾病。

Experimental Study on Cultivated Corneal Endothelial Cells for Posterior Lamellar Transplantation

Objective To investigate the feasibility of cultured corneal endothelial cells transplantation. Methods Rabbit corneal endothelial cells were cultivated and seeded onto the denuded amniotic membrane(AM). The morphology, histology and ultrastructure of the resultant cells on AM were examined. The composite endothelial sheets were transplanted onto the corneas of the rabbits whose deep lamellae with Descemet's membrane and endothelial cells had been completely removed. While the rabbit corneas with transplantation of the denuded AM were treated as controls. After transplantation, the corneal appearance and thickness were examined. Four weeks after surgery, the grafts were examined for morphology and histology. Results The cultured endothelial cells were confluent on the AM. Morphologically, the sheets consisted of a fairly continuous layer of flat polygonal endothelial cells that appeared uniformly in size with tight cell junctions. After transplantation, the corneas that received cultured endothelial cells had little edema and retained their transparency, while the corneas of controls had serious edema and opacity. Conclusion AM could serve as a carrier for corneal endothelial cells transplantation. These results provide a promising method for the treatment of diseases caused by corneal endothelial disorders.