社区营养宣教对上海市金山区老年人膳食质量的影响

日曲应用针对老年人群的中国膳食平衡指数(DBI)评价社区营养宣教对老年人膳食质量的影响.方法 以上海市金山区朱泾镇社区83名(≥60岁)自愿参加者为研究对象,共有70名老年人完成了该次研究.宣教措施包括每2个月进行1次营养宣教,宣教内容主要为个体化合理饮食指导,同时配合版报宣传、小组讨论、个别营养访谈等.营养宣教前和宣教1年后分别进行连续3d的膳食调查,采用DBI评分评价膳食质量,并比较宣教前后的指标变化.结果 70名老年人DBI总分(DBI-TS)、负端分(DBI-LBS)和膳食质量距(DBI-DQD)在营养宣教前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);奶类和豆类摄入水平充足者所占比例由宣教前的7.1%显著增加到宣教后的20.0%,盐摄入量适宜者由宣教前的22.9%显著增加到宣教后的51.5%,食物种类丰富者所占比例由营养宣教前的20.0%显著增加到宣教后的49.9%.DBI模式由以模式B(47.1%)和模式E(34.3%)为主转变为以模式B(34.3%)和模式A(32.9%)为主.结论 社区营养宣教可改善老年人的膳食质量.

Effect of community-based nutrition education program on diet quality of the elderly in Jinshan District of Shanghai

Objective To evaluate the effect of a community-based nutrition education program on the dietary quality of the elderly with diet balance index (DBI). Methods Eighty-three volunteers from Zhujing Town of Jinshan District of Shanghai with age ≥60 years were served as study objectives, and a total of 70 people completed the program. They were given nutritional guidance bimonthly in combination with measures such as community publications, panel discussions and individual interviews. Measurements of dietary intakes, which lasted for 3 d, were performed before intervention and 12 months after intervention, respectively. Diet quality was evaluated with DBI scoring system, and the parameters were compared before and after intervention. Results There were significant differences in DBI-Total Score (DBI-TS), DBI-Lower Bound Score (DBI-LBS) and DBI-Diet Quality Distance (DBI-DQD) before and after intervention for these 70 people (P<0.05). The proportion of subjects with adequate milk and soy product consumption increased from 7.1% before intervention to 20.0% after intervention, that with proper amount of salt intake from 22.9% to 51.5%, and that with diverse diet from 20.0% to 49.9%. The major DBI pattern changed from pattern B (47.1%) and pattern E (34.3%) to pattern B (34.3%) and pattern A (32.9%). Conclusion The community-based nutrition education program for the elderly can improve the diet quality of the elderly.