三聚氰胺致大鼠泌尿系统组织损伤的实验观察

目的 为三聚氰胺泌尿系统组织损伤的研究建立动物模型. 方法 60日龄SPF级SD大鼠分为4组,3组分别给予三聚氰胺1.0、0.5、0.25 g/kg,连续灌胃6周;空白对照组每天灌胃10 g/L甲基纤维素溶液.于6周末处死动物,采用肉眼和体视显微镜观察大鼠肾脏、输尿管和膀胱形态改变,计算各脏器系数,同时检测大鼠血液生化指标,并利用小动物活体Micro CT对大鼠肾脏进行扫描,观察肾脏形态改变. 结果 给药6周末各组大鼠膀胱结石发生率为66.6%（20/30）,肾脏结石发生率为56.6%（17/30）.给药6周各组大鼠肾脏均肿大呈灰黄色,肾内均出现条索状黄色沉淀物,融合成片状或颗粒状,并在皮质和髓质之间形成黄色弧形光环,给药6周各组肾脏质量和脏器指数均显著性升高,血清CREA、BUN、磷、镁含量升高（P＜0.01）. 结论 使用0.5～1.0 g/kg三聚氰胺连续灌胃给药6周,可诱发部分SD大鼠产生不同程度的泌尿系统结石.

Research on Urinary Calculus Models on Rats Induced by Melamine

Objective In order to establish the animal model for research on the damage of melamine to urinary system, the effects of melamine at different dosages to rats were investigated.Method Sixty days old SPF SD rats were divided into 4 groups, one group was set as a blank control and fed with 10 g/L solution of methyl cellulose every day, the other 3 groups were treated with melamine at a level of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 g/kg, respectively. All groups were administered continuously for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the kidney, ureter and bladder of anatomized rats from all groups were observed with both naked eye and stereo-microscope to determine their shape changes, and then the organ coefficients were calculated. Meanwhile, blood biochemical parameters of rats were measured and their kidneys were scanned by small live animals Micro-CT to evaluate the morphological changes. Results After 6 weeks＇ treatment of melamine, the average vesical and renal calculus formation rate was 66.6% （20/30） and 56.6% （17/30）, respectively. The kidneys from each experimental group were all bigger than that form control group and with distinguished greyish yellow color. There were yellow, cord-shaped sediments which integrate into flakes or granules in the kidneys, and arc-shaped yellow halo was formed between the cortex and medulla. Renal mass, organ indices and CREA, BUN, phosphorus and magnesium content in serum of rats from each treatment group were also significantly higher than that from control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Part of the SD rats were induced with different degrees of urinary stones after 6 weeks＇ treatment with melamine at the level of 0.5-1.0 g/kg. Based on these data, the animal model for research on the damage of melamine to the urinary system was established.