距离测试中拉布拉多犬行为及心率变化对导盲犬培训成功率的影响

目的 采用距离测试（distance test,DT）评价拉布拉多犬行为学及心率变化特征,以期为导盲犬的前期筛选提供有效的行为学方法和生理依据。方法 本实验所用60只拉布拉多犬（8～15月龄,雌性22只,雄性38只）由中国导盲犬大连培训基地提供,其中30只经培训后通过考核,被认定为成功培训的导盲犬,其余30只被认定为不适合作为导盲犬的淘汰犬。采取距离测试中兴趣,探索及游戏邀请三个变量进行犬的行为学测试,实时监测心率变化。结果 距离测试中导盲犬的平均心率变化显著低于淘汰犬心率变化（P<0.05）。导盲犬和淘汰犬之间在兴趣,探索及游戏邀请测试中行为学变化差异无显著性（P>0.05）。结论 距离测试中,导盲犬心率变化显著低于淘汰犬心率变化;导盲犬相对于淘汰犬,具有更加稳定的心理素质及较好的控制情绪的能力。本研究可为距离测试与心率结合预测导盲犬培训成功率提供理论基础。

Effect of behavior and heart rate changes on the success rate of training of Labrador guide-dogs for the blind during the distance test

Objective To study the effect of heart rate and behavior changes in Labrador retrievers determined by distance test (DT), and to provide effective behavior methodological and physiological basis for early screening of guide-dogs. Methods Sixty Labrador retrievers (8-15 months old; 22 females and 38 males) were provided by Chinese guide dog training centre of Dalian. 30 of the 60 dogs were guide dogs and the other 30 were eliminated dogs which were evaluated by examination in the training center. The "interest", "exploration" and "play invitation" behavioral categories in the distance test (DT) of the dogs were tested and the heart rates were simultaneously recorded. Results The mean heart rate of the guide dogs were significantly lower than those of the eliminated dogs during the DT (P<0.05). The scores of "interest", "exploration" and "play invitation" showed no significant difference between the guide dogs and eliminated dogs (P>0.05). Conclusions In the distance test, the changes of heart rates in guide dogs are significantly lower than eliminated dogs. The results of this study indicate that guide dogs have a more stable psychological quality and better control of emotions compared with eliminated dogs in the DT. Our study may provide a theoretical basis for the combination of DT and heart rate to predict the success rate of the guide dog training.