孤独症谱系障碍及智力落后引起的语言发育迟缓儿童的共同注意力分析

目的探讨孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）及智力落后引起的语言发育迟缓（LR）两类儿童的共同注意力情况。方法选取ASD以及LR患儿各40例，并选取同期健康体检幼儿40名为对照组，应用早期社会交流量表检测评估3组研究对象的共同注意力。结果3组儿童共同注意力比较显示，LR组回应性共同注意力（RJA）、自发性共同注意力（IJA）、高水平自发注意力（HIJA）、低水平自发注意力（LIJA）、注视交替（Alt）及眼神接触（EC）得分均低于对照组（P < 0.01），ASD组RJA、高水平回应注意力（HRJA）、低水平回应注意力（LRJA）、IJA、HIJA、LIJA、Alt及EC得分均低于对照组（P < 0.01）；ASD组与LR组比较，LR组RJA、HRJA、LRJA、IJA、LIJA及EC得分均高于ASD组（P < 0.01），但HIJA、Show、Point及Alt 2组比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论ASD以及LR患儿均存在明显的共同注意力下降问题，不过LR患儿集中体现为眼神接触行为缺陷，临床上可以以此进行ASD的初步诊断。

Common attention analysis of children with language retardation caused by autism spectrum disorder and mental retardation

ObjectiveTo explore the common attention of children with language retardation(LR) caused by autism spectrum disorder(ASD) and mental retardation.MethodsForty children with ASD and 40 children with LR were divided into the ASD group and LR grouop, and 40 children with healthy physical examination at the same period were set as the control group.The early social communication scale was used to evaluate the common attention of three groups.ResultsThe results of the comparison of common attention showed that the scores of responding joint attention(RJA), initiating joint attention(IJA), higher level initiating joint attention(HIJA), lower level initiating joint attention(LIJA), alternate(Alt) and eye contact(EC) in LR group were lower than those in control group(P < 0.01), and the scores of RJA, higher level responding joint attention(HRJA), lower level responding joint attention(LRJA), IJA, HIJA, LIJA, Alt and EC in ASD group were lower than those in control group(P < 0.01).The scores of RJA, HRJA, LRJA, IJA, LIJA and EC in LR group were higher than those in ASD group(P < 0.01), but the differences of the scores of HIJA, Show, Point and Alt between LR group and ASD group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).ConclusionsBoth ASD and LR children have obvious common attention deficit, but the eye contact behavioral defects in LR children are mainly manifested, which can be used for the preliminary diagnosis of ASD in clinic.