农村地区小学高年级儿童社交焦虑与养育状况的关系

目的:探索农村地区小学高年级儿童社交焦虑与养育状况关系,为进一步开展干预措施提供科学依据.方法:对安徽省蚌埠和宿州农村地区5所小学的4~6年级学生采用分层随机整群抽样法,问卷调查1 026名,有效问卷852份,其中四年级265人,五年级291人,六年级296人;男生455人,女生397人;非留守儿童347名,留守儿童505名.问卷内容包括养育状况与儿童社交焦虑量表.结果:农村地区小学高年级儿童社交焦虑总分在三个年级之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而它的两个维度,害怕否定评价评分五、六年级均比四年级高(P<0.05和P<0.01),社交回避及苦恼方面四年级比六年级高(P<0.05);社交焦虑总分及其两个维度在不同的性别和留守类型中的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);进一步对农村地区儿童养育状况和社交焦虑的关系分析显示,父亲打工时间、父亲探望频率、犯错误时父亲的态度、母亲最关心的问题对社交焦虑水平均有一定影响(P<0.05).结论:改善农村地区儿童的养育状况如增加父亲探望频率、改善孩子犯错误时父亲的态度以及改变母亲关心孩子的方向和方式,可以在一定程度上降低其社交焦虑水平.

The relationship analysis between social anxiety and rearing condition in senior pupils in rural area

Objective:To explore the relationship between social anxiety and rearing condition in senior pupils in rural area,and provide the scientific reference in developing the intervention measure.Methods:One thousand and twenty-six pupils(including 265 forth grade students,291 fifth grade students and 296 sixth grade students,455 boys and 397 girls,and 347 non-left-behind children and 505 left-behind children) in Bengbu and Suzhou were enrolled using the method of stratified cluster random sampling.The pupils were investigated by questionnaire,the content of which included rearing condition and social anxiety of pupils.Results:The differences of the total scores of social anxiety among the three grades in rural area pupils were not statistically significant(P>0.05),but the scores of two dimensions and fear of negative evaluation in fifth grade and sixth grade were higher than those in forth grade(P<0.01 and P<0.05),and the score of the social avoidance in forth grade was higher than that in sixth grade(P<0.05).The differences of the total score of social anxiety and two dimensions of different sex and left-behind type pupils were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The analysis of the relationship between social anxiety and rearing condition showed that the duration of going-out-for-working of father,visiting frequency of father,father′s attitude to children′s mistakes and mother′s concern had certain effects on social anxiety level(P<0.05).Conclusions:Improving the rearing condition of children in rural area(increasing visiting frequency,improving father′s attitude to children′s mistakes and changing mother′s care for their children′s direction and way) can reduce the level of social anxiety of children to a certain degree.