高良姜不同部位胃肠解痉及镇痛作用的比较研究

目的比较高良姜水煎液及不同部位(黄酮、二芳基庚烷、挥发油)的胃肠解痉及镇痛作用,为探讨高良姜调理脾胃的药效物质基础提供依据。方法采用小肠炭末推进法观察高良姜不同部位对正常小鼠小肠运动的影响;以冰番泻叶致小鼠脾胃虚寒泄泻模型考察其抗寒证腹泻作用;采用扭体法及甲醛致痛法考察其镇痛作用;采用兔体外回肠试验观察其对正常肠肌收缩和氯化乙酰胆碱(Ach)、氯化钡(BaCl2)所致体外肠肌收缩及对Ach诱导兔回肠平滑肌内钙释放和外钙收缩的解痉作用。结果高良姜水煎液、黄酮部位、二芳基庚烷部位能明显降低脾胃虚寒小鼠的腹泻指数(P<0.01,P<0.05);仅黄酮部位高剂量对正常小鼠小肠推进运动有明显抑制(P<0.05);高良姜水煎液、黄酮部位、二芳基庚烷部位能不同程度减少小鼠的扭体次数,缩短甲醛致痛后小鼠舔后足时间(P<0.01,P<0.05),其中二芳基庚烷部位作用最强;高良姜水煎液、黄酮部位、二芳基庚烷部位能明显抑制正常情况下体外肠收缩(P<0.01,P<0.05);高良姜3个提取物的低、中、高浓度组对Ach、BaCl2所引起的体外肠收缩均有明显抑制作用(P<0.01,P<0.05),抑制率与药物终浓度呈一定量效关系;对Ach诱导兔回肠平滑肌内钙释放和外钙收缩均有明显抑制作用(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论高良姜黄酮部位和二芳基庚烷部位为其解痉止痛治疗脾胃寒证相关疾病的主要有效部位,其中胃肠解痉作用以黄酮类较强,镇痛作用则以二芳基庚烷部位更强。

Comparative Study on Gastrointestinal Spasmolysis and Analgesic Effects of Different Extracts from Alpinia Officinarum

Objective To compare the gastrointestinal spasmolysis and analgesic effects of Alpinia officinarum decoction and different extracts(flavonoids,diarylheptane,volatile oil),and provide a basis for exploring the material basis of Alpinia officinarum regulating spleen and stomach.Methods The effects of different extracts of Alpinia officinarum on the movement of small intestine in normal mice were observed by small intestinal propulsion of charcoal powder,the effect of anti-cold syndrome diarrhea was investigated on the model of spleen-stomach deficiency cold with diarrhea induced by icy Folium Sennae,and the analgesic effect was assessed in writhing test and formaldehyde-induced pain model.In vitro ileal test was used to observe the antispasmodic effects on normal intestinal muscle contraction,intestinal muscle contraction induced by acetylcholine(Ach)and barium chloride(BaCl2),and calcium release and contraction in rabbit ileal smooth muscle induced by Ach.Results Alpinia officinarum decoction,flavonoid fraction and diarylheptane fraction could significantly reduce the diarrhea index of spleen and stomach deficiency cold mice(P<0.01,P<0.05),and only the high dose of flavonoids could significantly inhibit the propulsive movement of small intestine in normal mice(P<0.05).Alpinia officinarum decoction,flavonoid fraction and diarylheptane fraction could reduce the writhing times of mice and shorten the time of licking hind feet of mice(P<0.01,P<0.05).Among the other fractions,diarylheptane fraction had the strongest effect.The decoction,flavonoid fraction and diarylheptane fraction of Alpinia officinarum could significantly inhibit the intestinal contraction in vitro under normal conditions,and the low,middle and high concentration groups of three different extracts of Alpinia officinarum could significantly inhibit the intestinal contraction induced by Ach and BaCl2(P<0.01,P<0.05),and showed certain dose-effect relationship.Three different extracts of Alpinia officinarum could significantly inhibit the intracellular calcium release and external calcium contraction of rabbit ileal smooth muscle induced by Ach(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion The flavonoids and diarylheptane fraction of Alpinia officinarum are the main effective constituents in the treatment of diseases with spleen-stomach cold syndrome.The flavonoids are effective in relieving spasm,while diarylheptane fraction is responsible for the analgesic effect.