虎乳灵芝栽培品和野生品的脂溶性成分分析

目的比较虎乳灵芝栽培品和野生品脂溶性化学成分的差异。方法采用回流提取法提取虎乳灵芝野生品和栽培品(包括大米和木屑培养)菌核的脂溶性成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法分析栽培品和野生品的化学成分,并计算各化学成分的相对百分含量。结果虎乳灵芝大米、木屑栽培品及野生品分别鉴定出11种、10种、14种化合物。主要为烃类化合物,三者共有成分为2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、二十五烷和三十一烷等,并且二十五烷和三十一烷在大米栽培品、木屑栽培品和野生品中相对百分含量分别为15.85%、17.36%、16.43%和12.01%、11.58%、19.29%。三者成分差异表现为:大米栽培品含有麦角甾醇、二十九烷;木屑栽培品含有二十二烷、二十三烷、二十四烷;野生品还含有二十四烷、芥酸酰胺、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、亚油酸乙酯。结论栽培品和野生品的脂溶性成分中含有2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、二十五烷和三十一烷等相同的化学成分,但又存在明显的差异,可为虎乳灵芝栽培品的质量评价和开发利用提供参考。

Analysis of Liposoluble Components of Cultivated and Wild Lignosus rhinoceros

Objective Analyzing the differences in fat-soluble chemical composition between cultivated and wild Lignosus rhinocerus.Methods The sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus was artificially cultivated,and then,the liposoluble components were extracted from sclerotium by refluxing extraction with petroleum ether,and the difference in chemical compositions between cultivated(in rice and in sawdust,respectively)and wild Lignosus rhmocerus were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The relative percentages of components were also calculated.Results Eleven,10 and 14 compounds were identified from the ingredients in petroleum ether extracts of the rice group(RP),sawdust group(SP),and wild group(WP)respectively.The majority of them are hydrocarbon compounds.The common components are 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol,pentacosane and hentriacontane.The relative percentage contents of pentacosane and hentriacontane were 15.85%,17.36%,16.43%and 12.01%,11.58%,19.29%for RP,SP and WP,respectively.The difference of these three are:the ingredients of the rice group mainly contain Ergosterol and Nonacosane;those of the sawdust group mainly contain Docosane,Tricosane,Tetracosane;those of wild group varieties mainly contain Tetracosane,Erucylamide,Dibutyl phthalate,and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-,ethyl ester.Conclusion The lipophilic composition in petroleum ether extracts of cultivated and wild Lignosus rhinocerus are identical,which included 2,4-Di-tertbutylphenol,pentacosane and hentriacontane;but there are clear differences.These findings provide reference for the quality evaluation and utilization of cultivated products of Lignosus rhinocerus.