《伤寒论》水气辨析

张仲景"水气"有不同的含义。水有形,气无形;水随气走,气附于水。《金匮要略》中水气即为水肿病,《伤寒论》中的水气为可流于身体各部的"水邪"、"湿邪",是有形的变动不居的实邪,类似于病理产物或致病因素。古典医籍中多有提及水气,意义亦有不同。近现代医家认为既有水饮,也有寒气。水气有广义和狭义之分。广义的水气包含单纯的水饮和水饮与寒、热气的结合;狭义的水气即为阴寒之水气。成因有素体虚弱、外感邪气、太阳病误治、少阴寒化、久病伤阳和病后体虚六个方面。水气致病繁多,特征为"循津液而流也","诸有水者,腰以下肿,当利小便,腰以上肿,当发汗乃愈",以及温药和之、三焦分治等治疗方法。

Discussion on the Shui-Qi in the Treatise on Febrile Disease

In Zhang Zhong-jing’s opinion,there are different meanings of Shui-Qi.Shui is visible and Qi is invisible.Shui is go with Qi and Qi is attached to Shui.In the book which called Synopsis of Golden Chamber,Shui-Qi is the hydropsy.In Treatise on Febrile Disease,Shui-Qi is a kind of pathogenic water and pathogenic damp which can flow in parts of the body.It is tangible,steady,being similar to some other pathogenic factors.Many classical medical books mentioned Shui-Qi,but they had different meanings.Modern doctors believe that Shui-Qi both have water-fluid and chilliness.There are broad and narrow points of Shui-Qi.The former contains the simple water-fluid and the combination which combined by water-fluid and cold or hot gas.The latter is Yin-Cold water-fluid.The causes of Shui-Qi include six fields-debility,attack of exogenous pathogens,mistreatment of TaiYang disease,ShaoYin cold transform,impairment of yang after long illness,bad health after long illness.Shui-Qi can cause many kinds of diseases,characterized "through the body fluid flow".The treatments of Shui-Qi are sweat,urinate,balance by warm drugs,cure by tri-jiao and so on.