大叶山楝枝叶中的萜类成分

目的:大叶山楝Aphanamixis grandifolia为楝科山楝属植物,具有舒筋活络、通痹及祛风除湿等功效,该文旨在研究大叶山楝枝叶中的萜类成分,揭示其发挥药效的物质基础。方法:取大叶山楝干燥枝叶22 kg,采用90%乙醇加热回流提取3次,减压回收溶剂成浸膏。浸膏加适量的水混匀后,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯进行萃取。石油醚和乙酸乙酯层萃取物分别经大孔树脂柱色谱,硅胶柱色谱,LH-20型羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱色谱和ODS柱色谱进行分离纯化,并通过质谱、核磁共振技术(1H和13C-NMR)和相关文献数据等对所得化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从大叶山楝枝叶中分离并鉴定了12个萜类化合物,分别为16α-hydroxy-oxo-24-methyllanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-triene-21-oic acid(1),23(E)-cycloart-en-25-ethoxy-3-ol(2),23(Z)-9,19-cycloart-ene-3β,25-diol(3),23(E)-cycloart-23-en-3β,25-diol(4),labda-8,13-(E)-dien-15-ol(5),labda-7,13-(E)-dien-15-ol(6),vulgarol(7),(S,E)-6-6-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-2-methylhepta-1,6-dien-1-yl]-4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-one(8),nemoralisin(9),nemoralisin C(10),1S,4R,5S,6R,7S,10S-1(5),6(7)-diepoxy-4-guaiol(11),1S,4S,5S,10R-4,10-guaianediol(12)。结论:分离得到的化合物类型涉及三萜,二萜和倍半萜,其中8个化合物(1~3,5~8,12)为首次从该种植物中分离得到,也是首次从该属中分离得到。

Terpenoids from Stems and Leaves of Aphanamixis grandifolia

Objective:Aphanamixis grandifolia,a perennial herb of genus Aphanamixis(Meliaceae),has effects in soothing activating collaterals,dredging paisy,expelling wind-evil and removing wetness. This paper aimed to investigate terpenoids from the stems and leaves of A. grandifolia and reveal the effective substances. Method: Totally 22 kg leaves and twigs of A. grandifolia were extracted with 90% EtOH for three times by heating reflux. These extracts were decompressed and concentrated,and then dissolved in water. The solvent was successively extracted with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The chemical constituents from petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were isolated by macroporous,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and ODS columns,and their chemical structures were determined through MS,NMR analysis(1 H and13 C-NMR)and spectroscopic data from literatures,respectively. Result:Twelve compounds were obtained and identified as 16α-hydroxy-3-oxo-24-methyllanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-triene-21-oic acid(1),23(E)-cycloart-en-25-ethoxy-3-ol(2),23(Z)-9,19-cycloart-ene-3β,25-diol(3),23(E)-cycloart-en-3β,25-diol(4),labda-8,13-(E)-dien-15-ol(5),labda-7,13-(E)-dien-15-ol(6),vulgarol(7),(S,E)-6-6-(5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl]-2-methylhepta-1,6-dien-1-yl]-4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2 H-pyran-one(8),nemoralisin(9),nemoralisin C(10),1 S,4 R,5 S,6 R,7 S,10 S-1(5),6(7)-diepoxy-4-guaiol(11)and 1 S,4 S,5 S,10 R-4,10-guaianediol(12),respectively.Conclusion:The structures involves triterpenoids,diterpenoids and sesquiterpennoids,and eight of them(1-3,5-8 and 12)are obtained from A. grandifolia for the first time. Those compounds are also isolated from the geneus Aphanamixis for the first time.