妊娠糖尿病中西医临床治疗的思考

近年随着经济生活水平的不断提高,妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,已经严重威胁孕产妇及新生儿的健康及生命。妊娠糖尿病的发病机制尚不十分清楚,目前认为与胰岛素抵抗及分泌不足、遗传易感、炎性反应、代谢紊乱等关系密切。妊娠糖尿病诊断标准,24～28周孕妇空腹8 h以上,直接口服葡萄糖75 g,行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,空腹血糖5.1 mmol·L~(-1),餐后1 h血糖10.0 mmol·L~(-1),餐后2 h血糖8.5 mmol·L~(-1)即可明确诊断。西医治疗上主要是依据饮食、运动、药物、教育、监测为原则,根据血糖情况选择妊娠B级安全药物胰岛素治疗为主,辅以膳食纤维补充剂等。中医将妊娠糖尿病归为"消渴病"范畴,是因素体禀赋不足,孕后多食滋补厚腻之品,或怒或思或愁,情志失常,造成体内阴液亏虚而发病。中医主要通过食疗、传统功法以及中药的干预进行防治,改善妊娠结局。因此,早期筛查、诊断,中西医综合治疗,实现辨证论治的个体化方案,有助于提高疗效,降低妊娠糖尿病的发病率,减少低血糖的发生,有效改善妊娠糖尿病患者母婴的不良结局及预后。

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Therapy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

In recent years, as the level of economic life has improved, the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus has increased year by year. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been a serious threat to maternal and newborn health. The pathogenesis of gestational diabetes is not very clear, and may be closely associated with insulin resistance, genetic susceptibility, inflammatory response, metabolic disorders. According to the gestational diabetes diagnostic standard,24-28 weeks pregnant women keep an empty stomach over 8 h, taken 75 g oral glucose directly, and then receive the oral glucose tolerance test. GDM is diagnosed as fasting blood-glucose> 5.1 mmol · L^-1,1-hour postprandial blood glucose>10.0 mmol · L^-1,and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose>8.5 mmol · L^-1. Western medicine treatment is mainly based on diet, exercise, drugs, education, monitoring and insulin therapy according to blood glucose. Meanwhile, GDM is a type of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine. GDM is prevented and treated with diets and traditional method sports and Chinese herbs. Therefore, integrated Chinese and western medicine therapy can maximize the curative effect, reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, and effectively improve the adverse outcome and prognosis of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus from mother to child.