2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型中医外观表征的变化

目的:观察2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型的中医外观表征变化的规律及其与中医证候的关系。方法:大鼠随机分为正常组50只和模型组60只,采用高脂高热量饮食加小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ,30 mg.kg-1)ip方式造模,实验期间连续观察12周两组大鼠的外观行为、体重的变化,并分别于第0,6,8,10,12周末禁食12 h后从正常组、模型组各取10只大鼠取血测定空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素(Fins),并计算出胰岛素敏感指数(IAI)和胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)。结果:外观行为学观察:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠体重从第4周开始均呈明显持续增加,第9周出现下降但仍明显高于正常组。模型组大鼠第6～8周出现嗜睡、眯眼、倦怠懒动,被毛脱落,饮水量增加,大便干结,尾巴出汗潮湿等表现;第9～10周出现形体肥胖、拱背扎堆、眯眼、精神萎靡、活动迟缓、背毛油腻等表现;第11～12周继现舌质紫暗、被毛减少,臀毛枯黄,尾部瘀斑。糖代谢指标:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素水平(Fins)及胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)于第6周末开始持续不断升高,至第12周末达到高峰;胰岛素敏感指数(IAI)于6周末开始不断降低,至12周末降低最为显著。结论:采用高脂饲料喂养+小剂量STZ ip复制出的2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型可能具有中医证候动态变化的特点,即随造模时间延长表现出由气阴两虚证逐渐发展到气阴两虚证兼痰浊证以及气阴两虚证兼痰浊血瘀证的演变趋势。

Development in Syndromes of Chinese Medicine for Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes with Insulin Resistance

Objective: To observe the patterns of changes in syndrome of Chinese medicine for rat model of type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance. Method : The rat model was established by feeding with high calories and fat diet together with peritoneal injection of STZ. SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (50 rats) and the model group (60 rats). The changes in appearance, behavior and weight of rats during the process of experiment were observed. At the end of the 0, 6, 8, 10 and 12 week, ten rats each time were killed and blood samples were collected respectively to detect the (FPG) and Fins, and to calculate the insulin resistance index (IRI) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Result : 1) Appearance and behavior: Compared with the control group, the weight of the model group gained up obviously at 4^th week, and lowers continually from the 9^th week, higher obviously than that of the control group. During the 6 w to 8 w, the model rats appeared in lethargy with narrowed eyes, accidie, loss of hair, increased drinking volume, dejecta desiccation, sweatiness and wateriness at tail. During the 9 w~10 w, the model rats appeared fatness, extrados, gather together, narrowed eyes, accidie, slow action, fatness in hair which based on syndromes at first phase; during the 11-12 w, the model rats appeared continually loss of hair and turn into yellow color at stern, dark-purple tongue, and ome petechias appeared at the tail from top to root. Glucose metabolism: Compared with the control group, the FPG, Fins, IRI levels of the model group were increased continually from the end of 6^th week, reached its top at the end of 12^th week. The IAI level was decreased obviously from the end of 6^th week, reached its bottom at the end of 12^th week. Conclusion : The rat model of type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance established by feeding high calories and fat diet together with peritoneal injection of STZ may appear the characters of dynamic evolutionary syndromes in Chinese medicine during different phases. The dynamic progression of syndromes in Chinese medicine is from the simultaneous deficiency of both qi and yin to simultaneous deficiency of both qi and yin with concurrent turbid phlegm, and the lastly to the simultaneous deficiency of both qi and yin with concurrent turbid phlegm and blood stasis.