不同采收期龙脑樟挥发油的得率及质量分析

目的:比较不同采收期龙脑樟挥发油的得率及质量。方法:采集不同生长年限、不同月份龙脑樟枝叶,采取水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,计算挥发油得率,利用GC-MS分析挥发油中主要类型成分,采用气相色谱法测定其中右旋龙脑、异龙脑、樟脑的含量。结果:与3年生长期样品相比,生长期为2年的龙脑樟枝叶挥发油得率稍高,且成分类型更少,主成分右旋龙脑GC-MS峰面积占主要成分总峰面积的80%以上。2年期的龙脑樟叶中,11月底采集的龙脑樟鲜叶挥发油得率最高(1.37%);每个月份样品中右旋龙脑质量分数均70%,其中5月份样品中质量分数最高,达87%;樟脑的质量分数11月份最低,仅0.32%;但所有挥发油样品中均不含异龙脑。结论:龙脑樟的最佳采收年限为2年,最佳采收期为11月底至12月初。建立了一种准确、可靠、重复性好的可同时测定龙脑樟中3种挥发性成分的气相色谱法,可为龙脑樟挥发油的质量评价提供实验依据。

Yield and Quality Analysis of Volatile Oil from Branches and Leaves of Cinnamomum camphora During Different Harvest Periods

Objective: To compare the yield and quality of volatile oil extracted from branches and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora during different harvest periods.Method: Firstly,collected branches and leaves of C. camphora with different growth years and months.And volatile oil from them was extracted by steam distillation and yield of volatile oil was calculated.Then the main components in volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS,and the contents of isoborneol,borneol and camphor in volatile oil were separated and analyzed by GC.Result: The yield of volatile oil from branches and leaves of C. camphora with growth period of 2 years was slightly higher than 3 years,and had less component types.GC-MS peak area of borneol accounted for more than 80% of the total peak area of the main components.The yield of volatile oil from fresh leaves of C. camphora with growth period of 2 years was highest at the end of November,up to 1.37%,the content of borneol was higher than 70% in samples at every month,which reached 87% in May,while the content of camphor was lowest in November,only 0.32%.However,there was almost no isoborneol in all of the volatile oil samples.Conclusion: The best harvest time for C. camphora is 2 years,and the best harvest period was from the end of November to the beginning of December.In addition,a gas chromatography method,which is accurate,reliable and reproducible,can be used for the determination of three components at the same time,which can provide a basis for the quality evaluation of volatile oil in branches and leaves of C. camphora.