太白贝母根际区土壤养分变化规律

目的：调查太白贝母根际区土壤养分、营养元素含量的变化规律，为其人工栽培过程中土壤改良和平衡施肥提供理论依据。方法：以14份不同产地、不同生长年限太白贝母根际区土壤为研究对象，采用土壤农化分析方法结合原子吸收分光光度法测定其全氮，速效氮，全磷，速效磷，全钾，速效钾，有机质，pH及钙（Ca），镁（Mg），钠（Na），锰（Mn），锌（Zn），铜（Cu），镍（Ni）7种营养元素含量，利用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行多重比较和相关分析。结果：不同产地、不同生长年限太白贝母根际土壤养分、营养元素均具有显著性差异（P<0.05），呈现一定的相关性。栽培品根际土壤全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷及有机质含量随生长年限增加而呈降低的趋势，而全钾、速效钾含量及pH随年限增加呈先降低后升高的趋势，但太白贝母野生品整体上随着生长年限而土壤理化性质无显著变化。栽培品根际土壤Ca，Mg，Na和Cu含量随年限增长呈降低的趋势，Mn含量随年限增长呈先降低后升高的趋势，Zn和Ni含量随年限增长无显著变化。野生品根际土壤Ca，Mg，Na，Mn和Cu含量随年限增长呈先升高后降低的趋势，Zn和Ni含量随年限增长无显著变化。整体上，太白贝母野生品根际土壤养分、营养元素优于栽培品。结论：3年是太白贝母生长的转折点，3年后根际土的土壤养分和营养元素有显著的迅速下降趋势，在太白贝母的经营管理中需注意平衡施肥，改善土壤质量，尽量避免连作。

Variation Pattern of Rhizospheric Soil Nutrient for Fritillaria taipaiensis

Objective: To study the variation patterns of rhizospheric soil nutrient and the content of nutrient elements for Fritillaria taipaiensis,in order to provide the theoretical base for the soil improvement and balanced fertilization during the artificial cultivation. Method: Totally 14 samples of rhizospheric soil of Fritillaria taipaiensis from different origins and years were taken as the research objects. Total N,available N,total P,available P,total K,available K,organic matter,pH and 7 nutrient element contents (Ca,Mg,Na,Mn,Zn,Cu and Ni) were analyzed by the soil agrochemical analysis method combined with the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. SPSS 22.0 software was applied for data multiple comparison and correlation analysis. Result: The all results showed significant differences (P<0.05) and certain relative correlations between samples of different origins or years, and the rhizospheric soil nutrient or the content of nutrient elements of F. taipaiensis. The content of total N,available N,total P,available P and organic matter of rhizospheric soil collected from cultivated varieties decreased with the increase of years,and the content of total K,available K and pH decreased first and then increased. However,the soil physical and chemical properties of wild varieties had no obvious change with the increase of years. The content of Ca,Mg,Na and Cu of soil from cultivated varieties decreased with the increase of years,while the content of Mn decreased first and then increased. And Zn and Ni showed no significant change with the increase of years. Compared with cultivated varieties,the content of Ca,Mg,Na,Mn and Cu increased first and then decreased. The content of Zn and Ni showed no obvious change. In general,the rhizospheric soil nutrient and the content of nutrient elements for wild F. taipaiensis were superior to those of cultivated varieties. Conclusion: The third year is the turning point of F. taipaiensis growth. The rhizospheric soil nutrient and the content of nutrient elements decreased obviously after three years. Attention shall be given to the balanced fertilization,the improvement of soil quality and the prevention of the cropping during cultivation of F. taipaiensis.