明代本草著作中药物警戒思想探析

基于"识毒-用毒-防毒-解毒"的中药警戒思想,梳理明代代表性本草著作中警戒信息,分析明代药物警戒思想的特点,为现代临床合理用药提供参考。以《本草品汇精要》《本草纲目》《炮炙大法》《本草乘雅半偈》《本草蒙筌》为蓝本,以书中中药为研究对象,从识毒、用毒、防毒、解毒4个方面提取文本信息,归纳药物警戒思想。结果发现明代药物警戒认识较为系统,在识毒方面毒性分级明确并纠正前人谬误,在用毒、防毒方面用毒突出、注重毒药的配伍和炮制,在解毒方面中毒解救方法、机制明确。提示明代已初步形成"识毒-用毒-防毒-解毒"的警戒思想理论框架,为现代的药物警戒理念提供了理论支撑,并对现代临床合理用药具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。

Analysis of Pharmacovigilance Thoughts in Herbal Masterpieces of Ming Dynasty

Based on the pharmacovigilance thoughts of Chinese medicine of cognition, application, prevention and rescue of drug toxicity, to sort out the pharmacovigilance information in representative herbal works of the Ming dynasty, and to analyze the characteristics of the pharmacovigilance thoughts of the Ming dynasty, so as to provide reference for rational drug use in modern clinical practice. Taking Bencao Pinhui Jingyao, Bencao Gangmu, Paozhi Dafa, Bencao Shengya Banjie, Bencao Mengquan as the blueprints, and taking the traditional Chinese medicines in these books as the research objects, the text information was extracted from the four aspects of drug identification, drug use, drug prevention and detoxification, and the idea of pharmacovigilance was summarized. In Ming dynasty, pharmacovigilance had a systematic understanding, and cognition of drug toxicity was clear in identifying poison and correcting the mistakes of predecessors, in the aspects of using and preventing poisons, the use of poisons was prominent, the compatibility and process of poisons were emphasized, and the methods and mechanism of poison relief were clear in detoxification. Ming dynasty has initially formed the whole pharmacovigilance theoretical frame of cognition, application, prevention and rescue of drug toxicity, which has certain guiding and reference significance for modern clinical rational drug use.