五味子酸性组分的主要物质基础与生物活性研究

目的：揭示五味子酸性组分的组成及其生物活性。方法：采用有机溶剂提取、大孔树脂分离和溶剂处理的方法制备五味子酸性组分，以HPLC对其进行定性定量分析，并根据五味子的功能主治观察酸味物质对小鼠负重游泳时间、耐常压缺氧、免疫器官质量及免疫吞噬等作用的影响。结果：本文所制备的五味子酸性组分主要由柠檬酸、奎尼酸等有机酸类成分组成，2个酸性成分总量达55.08%；低剂量（5 g·kg^-1）能显著延长小鼠负重游泳时间（P<0.001）；酸味物质低剂量组小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数与正常对照组比较增加明显（P<0.05，P<0.01）；高、低剂量酸味物质均可显著提高正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能提高吞噬指数K值和吞噬系数a值，特别是低剂量组与正常对照组比较有显著性差异（P<0.001，P<0.01）。结论：五味子酸性组分具有较好的抗疲劳和免疫增强作用，是五味子药效物质基础的重要组成。

Main Substance and Biological Activity of Acidic Components of Schisandra chinensis

Objective: Reveal the composition of acidic components and its biological activity of Schisandra chinensis. Method: Using organic solvent extraction, macroporous resin separation and solvent treatment to prepare acidic components from S. chinensis, HPLC were applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Meanwhile, the influence of acidic components in swimming time, resistance to atmospheric oxygen, weight of immune organs and influence of immune phagocytosis in mice were observed. Result: The acidic components were mainly consisted of citric acid, quinic acid and other organic acids, the total amount of two acids were reached 55.8%. Low dose (5 g·kg^-1)sour substance could significantly prolong the swimming time of mice (P<0.001) and the thymus index, spleen index compared with the control group enhance significantly in mice (P<0.05, P<0.01); high and low dose sour substance can be notably increase the mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytic function to improve the phagocytic index and phagocytic coefficient K value of a value; especially, there was a significant difference between the low dose group and normal control group (P<0.001, P<0.01). Conclusion: Acidic componnets of S.e chinensis with anti-fatigue and immune enhancement effect better, is an important component of S. chinensis pharmacodynamic material bases.