中青年视网膜静脉阻塞危险因素研究进展

视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)是仅次于糖尿病视网膜病变的第二大致盲性眼底疾病,主要以老年患者为主,但中青年RVO患者致盲率较高。发病原因与全身脑微血管病变有一定的相关性。为明确中青年RVO可能发病原因,本文系统回顾分析了中青年RVO的危险因素,发现其发病率随年龄增长而增加,发病的眼别大致相当,且本病男性发病率高于女性。传统的发病因素如高血压病、糖尿病、青光眼仍是中青年RVO高危因素,同时有其独特的病因,炎症与中青年RVO密切有关。其他如亲血栓危险因素、高同型半胱氨酸血症在RVO中的作用仍有争议。此外,吸烟会增加RVO的风险,社会经济地位似乎也是一个风险因素。因此中青年RVO致病因素复杂多样,多与脑、心血管等重要疾病有关。

Research progress on risk factors of retinal vein occlusion in young and middle-aged people

Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is the second most common blindness from retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy,which is typically in elderly patients,but the blindness rate of young and middle-aged RVO patients is higher.The reason has a certain correlation with systemic cerebral microvascular lesions.To clarify the possible causes of RVO in young and middle-aged people,we systematically reviewed and analyzed the risk factors for RVO in young and middle-aged patients.The incidence rate of the disease increases with age,without eye difference.The incidence rate of male is higher than that of female.Hypertension,diabetes and glaucoma are still high risk factors for RVO in young and middle-aged people.At the same time,inflammation is an unique etiology,closely related to RVO in young and middle-aged people.The other risk factors such as thrombophilic and hyperhomocysteinemia are still controversial.In addition,smoking and socioeconomic status can increase the risk of RVO.Therefore,the pathogenic factors of RVO in young and middle-aged patients are complex and diverse,mostly related to critical illness such as brain and cardiovascular diseases.