中医学四种特殊诊法探析

中医诊断学体系中,诊察病情、收集疾病信息资料的基本方法是望、闻、问、切四诊,但在中医诊断学的发展过程中,也曾经出现过一些特殊的诊察手段。比如,以治测证、尿试验、尝粪、以梦诊病等等。这些特殊诊法,多是基于临床实践的经验总结,其中某些诊法对于疾病的诊断、治疗具有重要的临床意义,也有些诊法表现出了独特的文化内涵。但它们都没有被后世中医学广泛运用,只是作为一种纯粹的技法被记录下来,或者被赋予了伦理意义纳入到了史书中。类似的诊法由于不能被理论所解说,游离于传统的学术体系之外,因此也非常容易被遗失。

Analysis of Four Specific Diagnostic Methods in Traditional Chinese Medicine

In diagnostic system of traditional Chinese medicine,the basic methods of the examination of disease conditions and the collection of disease information are four diagnostic means which are inspecting,smelling and listening,inquiring and pulse-taking.During the development process of diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine,there were also some special means of examination such as syndrome differentiation according to its treatment,urine test and so on.These special diagnostic methods are mostly based on lessons learned from clinical practice.Certain diagnostic methods have important clinical significance for diagnosis and treatment and some diagnostic methods show a unique culture.They have not been widely used in modern medicine,but only pure techniques are recorded or have been given into the history books by ethical significance.Similar diagnostic methods can not explained by theory and only be separated from the outside of the traditional academic systems.Therefore it can easily be lost.