基于数据挖掘分析改善睡眠中药保健食品用药规律

目的:分析改善睡眠中药保健食品的用药规律,为相关产品研发提供参考。方法:在国家食品药品监督管理总局(CDFA)官网中检索1997年12月12日以后审批的中药保健食品,运用Excel 2010建立保健食品中药原料总数据库1个,子数据库7个(中药子数据库、药性子数据库、药味子数据库、归经子数据库、功效子数据库、药对子数据库、角药子数据库),然后对7个子数据库的数据进行频数分析,并将用药频率在1%以上的中药导入SPSS 24软件,按中药性味、归经、功效主治以分层聚类法进行聚类分析。结果:共检索出539种改善睡眠中药保健食品,经纳入、排除筛选,最终纳入354种。使用频率最高的前3味中药为酸枣仁、五味子、茯苓;按功效分类,使用频率最高的前3种中药为补虚药、安神药、平肝息风药;高频药对或角药包括酸枣仁+五味子、酸枣仁+茯苓、酸枣仁+五味子+茯苓等;中药药性以平性最多,药味以甘、苦、酸、辛为主,归经以肝、心、脾、肾为主;核心药物经聚类分析形成5个类群。结论:改善睡眠的中药保健食品所用中药性味以甘平、甘温(热)、甘寒(凉)为主,多归肝、心、脾、肾经;经数据分析得出的21味高频中药可作为改善睡眠保健食品的核心药物,尤其前6味高频中药应加大研发力度;药物配伍方面,养血安神药可与补虚药和收涩药配伍,也可与平肝息风药和利水渗湿药配伍;治疗原则为:有虚证者治以补气、补血、补阴,有血瘀、湿浊、阳亢、心肝火实证者治以活血、利湿、平肝潜阳、清泻心肝实火,在以上治疗的基础上,再配合养血安神药或镇心安神药。

Analysis of Laws of Medicine Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Care Foods for Improving Sleep Quality Based on Data Mining

Objective:To analyze the laws of medicine application in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)health care foods for improving sleep quality,so as to provide reference for research and development of related products. Methods:TCM heath care foods which were examined and approved after December12,1997 were searched from the official website of China Food and Drug Administration(CFDA). Excel2010 was used to establish one general database and seven sub-database(TCM sub-database,medicine property sub-database,medicine taste sub-database,meridian tropism sub-database,effect sub-database,medicine pair sub-database,triple-hybrid medicine sub-database)about TCM materials in the health care foods. Then frequency analysis was conducted on data from the seven sub-databases and the medicines whose using frequency is more than 1% were introduced into SPSS24 software,so as to proceed clustering analysis of the property,taste,channel tropism and major effects of the TCM by the hierarchical clustering method. Results:A total of 539 TCM heath care foods for improving sleep quality were searched out from the CFDA. After screened by the inclusion and exclusion criteria,354 foods were finally included in the study. The top 3 medicines with the highest frequency were Suanzaoren(Ziziphy Spinosae Semen),Wuweizi(Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) and Fuling(Poria). From the perspective of effect,the top 3 kinds of medicine with the highest frequency were tonifying medicines,tranquilizing medicines and liver-pacifying and wind-extinguishing medicines. The high-frequency medicine pairs and triple-hybrid medicines included Suanzaoren + Wuweizi,Suanzaoren + Fuling,Suanzaoren + Wuweizi + Fuling. The medicines were mainly mild and their tastes were mainly sweet,bitter,sour and pungent. For the meridian tropism,the main meridian were liver,heart,spleen and kidney. By clustering analysis,5 core groups of medicines were formulated. Conclusions:The main tastes and property of medicines in TCM health care foods for improving sleep quality were sweet and mild,sweet and warm(hot),sweet and cold(cool). The medicines mainly acted on liver meridian,heart meridian,spleen meridian and kidney meridian.The 21 high-frequency medicines obtained from the data analysis could be used as core materials for health care foods for improving sleep quality,especially the first 6 shall be put more efforts to research and develop. In medicine compatibility,blood-nourishing and tranquilizing medicines has well compatibility with tonifying medicines and astringent medicines,as well as with liver-pacifying and wind-extinguishing medicines,and dampness-draining diuretic medicines. The treatment principles are as follows:Patients with deficiency syndrome could be treated by tonifying qi,nourishing blood and reinforcing yin. Patients with blood stasis,phlegm turbidity,hyperactivity of yang and exuberant fire of heart and liver could be treated by invigorating circulation of blood,draining dampness,pacifying liver and suppressing yang,clearing away exuberant fire of heart and liver. On the basis of the above treatments,it shall be cooperated with blood-nourishing tranquilizing medicines or mind-tranquilizing medicines.