利用炮制技术去除关木通毒性成分的方法学研究

目的:根据马兜铃酸的化学性质,借鉴传统中药炮制经验,对去除马兜铃酸的炮制方法学进行研究。方法:以关木通为研究对象,马兜铃酸A为指标,采用正交试验等方法对关木通的碱制和醋制工艺进行优化。结果:确定了关木通的炮制工艺为以0.1mol·L^-1碳酸氢钠多次浸泡后醋制的方法。炮制过程中温度对毒性成分的去除率影响较大。不同含量的关木通在实验室小试炮制中,毒性成分去除率在90%以上,10批中试毒性成分的去除率在80%以上,使马兜铃酸A的含量降低到0.35-0.60mg·g^-1。马兜铃酸在药材中部分是盐的形式存在的。结论:该炮制新工艺能够选择性的去除关木通中的绝大部分毒性成分,达到了去毒的目的。

Methodological studies on selectively removing toxins in Aristolochiae manshuriensis by Chinese processing techniques

Objective: To investigate the possibility of selectively detoxifying aristolochic acids in Aristolochiae manshuriensis (Guan-mutong) by the chemical properties of aristolochic acids and traditional Chinese processing experience. Metbod: The technical parameters in processing technique of A. numshuriensis were optimized by orthogonal designed methods with aristolochic acid A. Result: The processing technique was soaked in 0.1 mol·L^-1 baking soda for several times and then processing with vinegar. Temperature was important factor to detoxify aristolochic acids, aristolochic acid A were removed over 90% from A. manshuriensis in laboratory and over 80% in medium-scale production by 10 batches from two origins of botanical drugs with different contents, and decreased to 0.35-0.60 mg·g^-1 in processed products, aristolochic acid A existed mostly salt-forms in the botanical drug. Conclusion: Most toxic components in Guanmutong could be removed by the new processing method.