立体栽培模式下三七种植土壤微生物、酶活特征及对农艺性状影响研究

以立体栽培(3层)三年生三七种植土壤为研究对象,比较分析其与大田土壤(对照)在酶活性、土壤微生物差异及对三七农艺性状的影响。结果表明,立体栽培各层(下、中、上)土壤微生物浓度显著低于大田;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶活性均表现为从下层至上层逐渐升高,除各层中性磷酸酶活性均显著高于对照外,上层及下层脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均显著低于对照;立体栽培下三七各农艺性状指标均劣于大田栽培,3层中以中层长势最好,上层次之,下层最差。相关分析表明,真菌、放线菌及中性磷酸酶活性与三七农艺性状显著相关;土壤真菌和细菌浓度均与土壤相对含水量显著相关;放线菌和中性磷酸酶活性均与土壤pH和土壤相对含水量显著相关;脲酶和蔗糖酶活性与日最大温差呈显著负相关。当前研究表明立体栽培模式下土壤微生物比例失衡和土壤酶活性剧烈变化是导致立体栽培三七农艺性状劣于大田栽培夫的诱因之一。因此,改善立体栽培结构,从而使土壤微生物及酶活性接近大田土壤,为三七生长营造良好的土壤生态环境是保障三七健康生长的关键。

Effects of stereoscopic cultivation on soil microorganism, enzyme activity and the agronomic characters of Panax notoginseng

Compartments of soil microorganism and enzymes between stereoscopic cultivation(three storeys)and field cultivation(CK)of Panax notoginseng were carried out, and the effects on P. notoginseng agronomic characters were also studied. Results show that concentration of soil microorganism of stereoscopic cultivation was lower than field cultivation; the activity of soil urea enzyme, saccharase and neutral phosphatase increased from lower storey to upper storey; the activity of soil urea enzyme and saccharase of lower and upper storeys were significantly lower than CK; agronomic characters of stereoscopic cultivated P. notoginsengin were inferior to field cultivation, the middle storey with the best agronomic characters among the three storeys. The correlation analysis showed that fungi, actinomycetes and neutral phosphatase were significantly correlated with P. notoginseng agronomic characters; concentration of soil fungi and bacteria were significantly correlated with the soil relative water content; actinomycete and neutral phosphatase were significantly correlated with soil pH and relative water content, respectively; the activities of soil urea enzyme and saccharase were significantly correlated with the soil daily maximum temperature difference. Inconclusion, The current research shows that the imbalance of soil microorganism and the acutely changing of soil enzyme activity were the main reasons that caused the agronomic characters of stereoscopic cultivated P. notoginseng were worse than field cultivation. Thus improves the concentration of soil microorganism and enzyme activity near to field soil by improving the structure of stereoscopic cultivation is very important. And it was the direction which we are endeavoring that built better soil ecological environment for P. notoginseng of stereoscopic cultivation.