桔梗柱头、花粉活力及自交亲和性研究

目的：为桔梗栽培及品种选育提供基础数据。方法：田间定株、定花观察及人工去雄套袋授粉；花粉活力采用TTC染色法。结果：桔梗柱头寿命长达9 d,但最佳授粉期为花冠开裂后4～6 d,柱头呈微裂或明显裂开状态。花药开裂散粉在开花当天完成,开始散粉时花粉活力81.4%,3 d后花粉活力降为27.6%,干燥剂中贮藏第3天花粉活力仍达64.4%。桔梗天然自花交结果率只有4.8%；但花期人工自株交结果率达62.7%,亲和指数达54.6,蕾期人工自株交结果率12.8%,亲和指数6.5。结论：雌雄蕊异熟及花粉寿命较短导致桔梗天然自花交结实率很低,采用人工授粉,桔梗花期自株交高度亲和；干藏方法可以较好延长桔梗花粉寿命。

Study on the stigma/pollen vigor and self-compatibility of Platycodon grandiflorum

Objective: To provide the basal data for the breeding and cultivation ofPlatycodon grandiflorum.Method: The field investigation and pollination by bagging were carried out.TTC(2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) solution was used to test the pollen vigor.Result: The stigma life-span of P.grandiflorum was about 9 days,however the optimal time for pollination is 46 days after the petals opening,with the stigma was splitting lightly or significantly.When the petals opened,the anther began scattering pollen,and finished in the same day.The pollen vigor was about 81.4% at the beginning,and decreases to 27.6% three days later.The pollen vigor still remains 64.4% three days later,when the flower was kept in the desiccant.The natural fructification rate of self-flower-pollination was 4.8%.The fructification rate and compatible index was about 62.7% and 54.6,respectively,when the self-plant-pollination performed by hand.They decreased to 12.8% and 6.5 when the pollination was implemented during the flowering period.Conclusion: Low fructification percentage of self-flower-pollination attributes to the difference of maturing period of pistil and stamen,as well as the short pollen life-span of P.grandiflorum.The compatibility of self-plant-pollination is high during flowering period when pollination performed by hand.The life-span of the pollen can be prolonged significantly when keeping in the dry environment.