基于生物效应的中药寒热药性判别模式研究

目的:观察寒、热药性中药对生物效应指标的影响,分析变量对寒、热药性贡献度,初步建立寒、热药性生物效应判别模式。方法:大鼠随机分为空白对照组、寒性中药（苦参、栀子、黄柏,黄芩、黄连、龙胆）各组、热性中药（附子、干姜、高良姜、花椒、肉桂、吴茱萸）各组,灌胃相应中药水煎液10 mL·kg^-1,每日2次,共给药30 d;检测文献已报道的可能与寒、热药性相关联的生物效应指标共53项;运用Clementinel2.0数据挖掘软件,建立数据仓库;选取空白对照组数据、寒性中药组（栀子、黄柏、黄连、苦参、龙胆）数据、热性中药组（附子、干姜、肉桂、花椒、高良姜）数据,作为训练集,C5.0算法和C&R分类回归算法找出变量的重要性,构建决策树;并对黄芩、吴茱萸进行寒、热属性的测试。结果:C&R分类回归算法显示:肝SDH活性为寒热最为重要的属性,重要性接近30%,其次为甘油三酯、肝Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶、肌糖元、血小板分布宽度等,模型的正确率达97.39%;C5.0算法显示:肝SDH活性为寒热最为重要的属性,重要性接近40%,其次为甘油三酯、谷草转氨酶、肌糖元、肝Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶等,模型的正确率达98.26%;C&R分类回归算法、C5.0算法决策树判定吴茱萸属于热性药和黄芩属于寒性药的可能性均为100.00%,77.78%。结论:肝SDH活性为中药的寒热药性最为重要的生物效应指标;中药寒、热药性的判别通路或模式与能量代谢存在着极为密切的关系。

Study on discrimination mode of cold and hot properties of traditional Chinese medicines based on biological effects

Objective: To observe the effect of cold or hot properties of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) on biological effect indexes, and analyze the contribution of variables on cold or hot properties, in order to preliminarily establish the discrimination mode for the biological effects of cold or hot properties. Method: Rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, cold TCM groups (Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Phellodendri Cortex, Gardeniae Fructus, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Gentianae Radix) and hot TCM groups (Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma, Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, Cinnamomi Cortex and Evodiae Fructus), and orally administered with 10 mL·kg^-1 of corresponding TCM water decoctions for 30 d, twice a day. Altogether 53 biological effect indexes correlated to cold or hot properties of traditional Chinese medicines were founded by searching literatures. The data warehouse were established by using data-mining software Clementine12.0. Data of the blank control group, cold TCM groups (Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Gardeniae Fructus, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Gentianae Radix) and hot TCM groups (Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma, Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, Cinnamomi Cortex) were selected into a training set. C5.0 algorithm and C&R classification and regression algorithm were adopted to define the importance of variable, create the decision trees, and test hot or cold properties of Evodiae Fructus and Scutellariae Radix. Result: According to C&R classification and regression algorithm, SDH activity of livers was the most important hot or cold property, with the significance closed to 30%. It was followed by triglyceride, liver Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase enzyme, muscle glycogen and platelet distribution width, with the accuracy up to 97.39% in models. C5.0 algorithm showed that liver SDH activity was the most important hot or cold property, with the significance closed to 40%. It was followed by triglyceride, GOT, muscle glycogen and liver Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase enzyme, with the accuracy up to 98.26% in models. The possibilities that Evodiae Fructus is in hot property and Scutellariae Radix is in cold property were 100.00% and 77.78% by using both C&R classification and regression algorithm and C5.0 algorithm. Conclusion: The SDH activity of liver is the most important biological effect index to distinguish cold and hot properties of TCMs. The discrimination pathway or mode of cold and hot properties is closely related to energy metabolism.