不同品种根类中药饮片耐胆盐革兰阴性菌污染研究

该研究通过对8种根类饮片共计40份样本需氧菌总数计数(total aerobic microbial count,TAMC)、酵母、真菌总数计数(total yeast and mould count,TYMC),探讨不同作用类型根类中药饮片微生物污染状况;进一步评价样品耐胆盐革兰阴性菌污染载量,并运用革兰阴性杆菌生化鉴定系统对分离到的耐胆盐革兰阴性杆菌进行鉴定。结果显示,85%(34/40)的样品TAMC超过1 000 CFU·g~(-1),30%(12/40)的样品TYMC超过100 CFU·g~(-1);45%(18/40)的样品检出耐胆盐革兰阴性菌污染,7批样品检测结果 N1 000 MPN·g~(-1),从13批样品中分离出阴沟肠杆菌、河生肠杆菌、创伤埃希氏菌、坂崎肠杆菌等16株耐胆盐革兰阴性杆菌,其中阴沟肠杆菌是丹参样品中分离到的优势菌;河生肠杆菌是麦冬样品中分离到的优势菌;假结核耶尔森菌是党参样品中分离到的优势菌。上述研究结果表明,武汉市场中根类饮片存在较严重的微生物污染,微生物种类对药材成分具有一定的选择特异性,依据不同作用类型饮片所含化学成分有针对性地鉴定控制菌类型、制定控制菌检验限度,对提高中药饮片的安全使用具有重要意义。

Bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria effect of different kinds of root decoction pieces

To investigate the microbial contamination in Chinese herbal decoction pieces with different functional types by studying the total aerobic microbial count (TAMC), and total yeast and mould count (TYMC) in 40 samples of 8 types of root decoction pieces; further evaluate the contamination load of bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, and identify the Gram-negative bacteria by using biochemical identification system for Gram-negative bacteria. Our results showed that the TAMC value was more than 1 000 CFU·g^-1 in 85% (34/40) samples, and was more than 100 CFU·g^-1 in 30% (12/40) samples; the contamination of bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria was detected in 45% (18/40) of the samples. The bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria load of seven batches of samples was N>1 000 MPN·g^-1. Sixteen bacterium strains including Serratia plymouthensis, Cedecea neteri, Escherichia vulneris, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter amnigenus, E. cloacae, E. sakazakii, Proteus penneri and E. gergoviae were obtained and identified. E. cloacae was the predominant bacterium that was isolated from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, while E. amnigenus, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was the typical bacterium of Ophiopogonis Radix and Codonopsis Radix, respectively. All these suggested that the contamination of bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria was severe for the root decoction pieces in Wuhan city. Microbial species have certain selection specificity for medicinal ingredients, so the type and limit of control bacteria for detection should be formulated according to the pollution type and quantity of bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.