黄连根腐病镰刀菌属病原真菌鉴定

根腐病是黄连的主要病害之一,近几年大面积爆发,给生产造成了严重损失,也大大打击了连农的积极性。为了明确其病原真菌,采用组织分离法分离出病根镰刀菌属真菌,通过离体回接初步筛选出疑似病原真菌,再进行活体回接明确病原菌,结合分子鉴定和形态鉴定将病原菌鉴定到种。结果共计分离到镰刀菌属真菌20株,其中的5株离体回接和活体回接均显示强致病性。根据以上结果推断,尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum、腐皮镰刀菌F.solani、三线镰刀菌F.tricinctum是黄连根腐病的病原真菌,且可能是复合侵染的前期入侵菌,其中尖孢镰刀菌在分离出的镰刀菌中占据优势,其他镰刀菌分离频率相对较低,因此在大田生产中应针对该菌进行重点防护。高温和高湿度会增强镰刀菌的致病性,据此推测,全球气候变暖使原本冷凉的黄连产区气温升高,适合病原菌生长繁殖入侵,可能是导致近年黄连根腐病大爆发的主要原因之一。因此,解决黄连根腐病的方法除了研发和施用农药,还可以将种植基地向高海拔地区转移。

Identification of Coptis chinensis root rot disease pathogenic Fusarium spp. fungi

Root rot disease is vital disease of Coptis chinensis, it has bursted in most producing area in recent years, and has caused severe damage. To identify the pathogenic fungi, Fusarium spp. fungi were isolated from rot root, of which the pathogenic fungi were screened with inoculation on C. chinensis root and plant, and identified with molecular and morphological method. The 20 Fusarium spp. fungi were obtained, of which 5 displayed high pathogenicity. It was deduced that F. oxysporum, F. solani and F. tricinctum were the pathogen, possibly pioneer pathogen of C. chinensis root rot disease. Among which F. oxysporum was dominant and deserved to pay more attention. High temperature and high humidity can increase pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. So the global climate warming may lead to temperature rising of C. chinensis producing area and favor the pathogen fungi, which may be one of the main factors leading to bursting of C. chinensis root rot disease. To control the root rot, beside developing and using pesticide, producing base should be moved to a high altitude area.