中药渗漉提取工艺研究进展

渗漉法是将经过处理的药材粉末置于渗漉器中,不断加入溶剂,并收集渗漉液的一种中药常用提取方法,具有设备简单,操作容易,适用药材范围广,能有效提取热不稳定成分或组分等优点,但也存在溶剂消耗量大,提取耗时长,后续浓缩工艺能耗大等不足。该文主要综述了中药渗漉常见设备类型、工艺影响因素、参数优化方法以及过程监测方面的研究进展。分析文献后认为粉末粒度、溶剂组成、浸渍时间、渗漉流速、溶剂用量是渗漉工艺的重要影响因素。目前在渗漉工艺在线监测时采用近红外光谱技术较多,偏最小二乘法是常用的定量建模方法。笔者认为借鉴"质量源于设计"理念进行工艺控制,深入探究渗漉工艺机制并研发工艺控制方法是今后的发展趋势,所以应该深入探索过程建模技术,完善过程优化技术,研发过程监测技术。构建渗漉过程模型时可考虑借鉴柱色谱工艺的机制模型和经验模型。优化渗漉工艺参数时应考虑药材品质变化的影响,也需要研发更加简便易用的方法以监测渗漉过程状态和渗漉液关键性质。

Research progress on percolation extraction process of traditional Chinese medicines

Percolation extraction is a conventional extraction method used in the processing of traditional Chinese medicines. After medicinal material powder is placed in a percolation tank, the extraction solvent is continuously added, and percolation extract is collected simultaneously. The percolation equipment is simple. The percolation operation is easy. It is applicable to a wide range of medicinal materials. Components that are unstable under thermal conditions can be effectively extracted. However, there are also disadvantages, such as high solvent consumption, long extraction time, and high energy consumption in subsequent concentration processes. This article mainly reviews the research progress on the common equipment types, affecting factors, parameter optimization methods, and process monitoring. According to analysis on literatures, solvent composition, impregnation time, percolation speed, and solvent consumption are considered as the important factors of percolation processes. At present, near-infrared spectroscopy is widely used in the monitoring of percolation process, and partial least square is a commonly used quantitative modeling method. According to the concept of "Quality by Design", in-depth investigation of the percolation process mechanism and development of process control methods are future development trends. Therefore, process modeling, process optimization and process monitoring shall be improved. The mechanism models and the empirical models of column chromatography can be used as references to construct the percolation process models. The effect of the quality changes of medicinal materials shall be taken into account when optimizing the percolation process parameters. More simple and easy methods shall be developed to monitor the percolation process status and key properties of percolation extracts.