中药材重金属污染现状的统计分析

目的：分析中药材重金属含量及污染现状。方法：以相关文献中提供的铜、铅、砷、镉、汞的含量数据为基础，用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析；并以《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》为标准，判断各种重金属元素含量超标情况。结果：中药材中存在不同程度的重金属污染。铜、铅、砷、镉、汞超标率分别为21.0%，12.0%，9.7%，28.5%，6.9%；单样本同一批次药材中存在2种、3种、4种重金属同时超标的现象，平均超标率分别为4.6%，1.5%，0.7%；36种常见中药材中桔梗、细辛、黄连等药材重金属含量较高，枸杞子、两头尖、西洋参、枳壳中5种重金属含量均没有超标；不同产地药材重金属污染的种类及程度均存在一定的差别；栽培药材铜和铅的含量高于野生药材，砷的含量则是野生高于栽培。结论：作者较详细、系统的报道了中药材重金属污染现状，为进一步深入开展中药材重金属研究提供了依据。

Statistical analysis of residues of heavy metals in Chinese crude drugs

Objective: To analyze the residues of heavy metals in Chinese crude drugs. Method: The SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data of Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Hg collected in literatures. And, Green Trade Standards of Importing & Exporting Medicinal Plants & Preparations was used as the standard to evaluate the pollution condition of Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Hg in Chinese crude drugs. Result: Chinese crude drugs were contaminated by heavy metals in different levels. The content of Cu, Pb, As, Cd, Hg exceeded the limit of the standard and the percentage was 21.0%, 12.0%, 9.7%, 28.5%, 6.9%, respectively; the phenomena of two, three and four metals exceeding limited standard simultaneity in a drug were also found and the percentage was 4.6%, 1.5%, 0.7%, respectively; the content of heavy metals in Radix Platycodi, Radix Asari and Rhizoma Coptidis was higher among the thirty-six Chinese crude drugs; All of the content of five heavy metals in Barbary Fructus Lycii Rhizoma Anemones Raddeanae, Radix Panacis Quiquefolii and Fructus Aurantii were below the limit; The pollution levels of heavy metals in different locality were different; The content of Cu, Pb in cultivated Chinese crude drugs was higher than that in wild Chinese crude drugs, while the content of As in wild Chinese crude drugs was higher than that in cultivated Chinese crude drugs. Conclusion: The pollution levels of heavy metals in Chinese crude drugs were detailed reported in this paper. And it provided ways for the further study of heavy metals in Chinese crude drugs.