药用植物白术栽培群体的遗传多样性研究

目的：研究药材白术Atractylodes macrocephala国内主要种质资源的遗传多样性，对白术种质遗传分化进行分析，为白术品种选育提供建议。方法：应用ISSR分子标记技术对来自浙江磐安3个和浙江、贵州、福建、湖北的4个白术栽培群体以及来自安徽的1个苍术栽培群体进行遗传多样性分析。结果：用12个ISSR引物对白术86个个体和5个苍术个体的DNA进行PCR扩增，共得到63条清晰的条带，其中55条为多态性条带，总多态性位点(PPL)为87.30%。7个白术栽培群体的多态位点(PPL)在58.73%～71.43%，平均为64.85%。其中，磐安县栽培群体光明表现出最高的遗传变异(PPL=71.43%；HE=0.283 5，HO=0.426 7)。根据POPGEN软件计算得到的群体之间的遗传距离进行聚类分析，结果显示浙江的各栽培群体有较近的遗传关系，与其他群体已存在遗传分化。AMOVA分析表明，白术种质遗传分化主要存在于栽培群体内个体间(90.52%)。结论：我国栽培白术的种质遗传多样性较高，有利于培育高品质的药材。

Studies on genetic diversity in cultivated populations of Atractylodes macrocephala

Objective: To investigate the genetic diversity of main germplasm of Atractylodes macrocephala in China and the genetic differentiation of the germplasm of A. macrocephala. Method: A molecular marker ISSR was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 7 populations of A. macrocephala and a population of A. lancea. Result: Twelve primers were used in the PCR amplification of 86 samples of A. macrocephala and 5 samples of A. lancea. Sixty-three bands with sizes ranged from 100 to 2 500 bp were generated from 12 primers. Of all the 63 bands, 55 bands were polymorphic among 86 individuals of A. macrocephala, the percentage of polymorphic bands were 87.30% at the species level. The percentage of polymorphic bands (PPL) for a single population ranged from 58.73% to 71.43% (mean, 64.85%). Among the 7 populations, a population from Panan, GM exhibited highest variability (PPL=71.43%; HE=0.283 5; I = 0.426 7). A dendrogram constructed by an unweighted pair group method of cluster analysis showed that populations from Panan constructed one branch and separated from other populations. In the AMOVA analysis, low level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected, 90.52% of the variability existed in population. Conclusion: The genetic diversity of cultivated A. macrocephala in China is high, which is good for the production of high quality herb medicine.