安神类中药及其有效成分对神经递质镇静催眠机制的研究进展

安神类中药应用于临床治疗失眠历史悠久。现代药理作用主要为镇静、催眠以及抗焦虑和抗抑郁作用。现代分子生物学研究表明,失眠症与神经递质、细胞因子等有关。该文对中药单体成分、单味中药提取物、复方安神中药提取物以及复方安神中成药通过调节神经递质而发挥镇静催眠作用进行综述。该文所涉及到的神经递质包括γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、谷氨酸(Glu)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)及其代谢物5-吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、高香草酸(HVA)、二羟苯乙酸(DOPAC)。研究结果表明,目前安神药研究最多的是5-HT和GABA能神经系统。研究最多的安神药是酸枣仁,包括其单体成分、单味中药提取物、复方中药提取物及复方中成药,涉及到的安神药还有五味子、合欢花、远志、龙眼肉、灵芝等。这为安神类中药的临床研究提供参考,进而为其开发利用提供依据。

Review for sedative and hypnotic mechanism of sedative traditional Chinese medicine and relative active components on neurotransmitters

The sedative traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of clinical experience in treating insomnia. The main pharmacological effects of sedative agents are sedation, hypnosis, antianxiety and antidepression which might be related to certain neurotransmitters and cytokines and so on. This review summarized the mechanism of sedative traditional Chinese medicine and its active monomers based on neurotransmitters, including GABA, Glu, 5-HT, DA, NE and their metabolites 5-HIAA, HVA, DOPAC. The results showed that the most research about the sedative medicine at present was throught serotonergic and GABA ergic system. Study on Ziziphi Spinosae Semen was the most extensive, including its monomers, extracts and traditional Chinese patent medicines. It involved many sedative traditional Chinese medicine, such as Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Albiziae Flos, Polygalae Radix, Longan Arillus, Ganoderma, etc. It also systematically summarized the information which was useful for the further applications and research on sedative drugs and their active components.