种植年限对杭白芍根际细菌群落及芍药苷含量的影响

为探寻栽培年限对杭白芍根际细菌群落及芍药苷含量的影响,揭示根际土壤微生态与杭白芍品质的关系,收集了1~4年杭白芍的根及根际土壤,利用PCR-DGGE检测土壤菌群多样性;利用HPLC检测根中芍药苷含量。结果表明,种植杭白芍能明显降低土壤的酸性,并随着栽培年份增加pH酸性持续下降,到第4年时土壤pH、酶活均达到最高,而有机质含量则最低。变性凝胶梯度电泳检测1~4年的根际细菌多样性在3.38~3.61,多样性随栽培年限而上升,说明杭白芍的生长会促进土壤中的细菌多样性。测序结果表明,杭白芍土壤中的优势细菌为γ变形菌、α变形菌、放线菌、酸杆菌及厚壁菌等,其中,根际特异菌主要为α变形菌、酸杆菌Gp1及放线菌;而在非根际土中γ变形菌为特异优势菌群。此外,1~4年的杭白芍根际优势细菌组成基本相似,只有少数种类随年份发生改变,表明根际细菌群落的组成主要受杭白芍物种的影响。HPLC检测结果表明,1~4年杭白芍的芍药苷质量分数分别为3.26%,3.30%,3.36%,3.41%,均超过国家标准,且随生长年份呈上升态势,但无显著性差异。相关性分析可知,芍药苷含量与土壤pH、细菌多样性呈显著正相关,与有机质呈显著负相关。与其他有连作障碍的作物不同的是,随着栽培年限的延长,杭白芍根际的pH和细菌多样性不降反升,但优势菌群变化不大,这可能是该植物不产生连作障碍的原因之一。研究表明,农业实践中之所以选择4年采收杭白芍根入药的原因之一主要是产量而不是有效成分含量。此外,研究还发现有效成分芍药苷的累积与土壤pH、有机质和细菌多样性关系密切,证明杭白芍的道地性与土壤微生态环境密切相关。

Effects of growth years of Paeonia lactiflora on bacterial community in rhizosphere soil and paeoniflorin content

To explore the relationship between microecological environment and Paeonia lactiflora, the effects of growth years of P. lactiflora on rhizosphere bacterial communities were studied by PCR-DGGE and the paeoniflorin content determined by HPLC. Results showed that the soil pH increased with growing years of P. lactiflora. In the fourth year, soil pH and enzyme activity reached the highest level, while organic matter content was the lowest. The bacterial diversity had a positive correlation with growing years varied from 3.38 to 3.61. Sequencing results demonstrated that Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes were predominant bacteria kinds in the soil of P. lactiflora. Gammaproteobacteria was only detected in the bulk soil, while Alphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria_Gp1, Actinobacteria were only in the rhizosphere soil and the bacterial community among different growing years were similar except few species. HLPC results showed that paeoniflorin content was 3.26%, 3.30%, 3.36%, 3.41% separately from one to four-year-old P. lactiflora with an upward trend. The correlation analysis indicated that the paeoniflorin content had a positive correlation with soil pH and bacterial diversity, conversely, had a negative correlation with organic matter content. During the growth years the rhizosphere bacterial diversity increased without changes of predominant bacteria and the paeoniflorin content increased without significant differences while its production increased significantly, which was different from the plants showing replanting diseases. This is in line with the farming practice choosing 4-year-old P. lactiflora, but not the 1-3 year old one. In addition, the accumulation of paeoniflorin is closely related to soil pH, organic matter content and bacteria diversity, confirming that the geoherblism of P. lactiflora is closely related with microbial environment in the soil.