铁棒锤及其炮制品中二萜生物碱化学成分研究

目的研究铁棒锤及其水煮炮制品的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱等方法对铁棒锤及水煮炮制品的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化常数和波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果从铁棒锤及其水煮炮制品中共分离得到12个化合物,经鉴定为去氧乌头碱(1)、3-乙酰乌头碱(2)、乌头碱(3)、15α-OH-neoline(4)、8-acetyl-15-hydroxyneoline(5)、尼奥灵(6)、14-benzoyl-8-O-methylaconine(7)、苯甲酰乌头原碱(8)、多裂乌头碱D(polyschistineD,9)、苯甲酰去氧乌头碱(10)、polyschistineA(11)、乌头原碱(12)。结论二萜生物碱是铁棒锤块根的主要化学成分,其中化合物4～8为首次从该植物中分离得到。与生品相比,铁棒锤水煮炮制品中二萜生物碱成分发生了一定的变化,其中化合物9～12为炮制品新增的成分,这些成分的鉴定为铁棒锤水煮炮制法炮制原理的揭示提供了依据。

Diterpene alkaloids from roots and processed products of Aconitum pendulum

Objective To study the diterpene alkaloids from the roots and processed products of Aconi-turn pendulum. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified using silica gel column chromatography. Their structures were determined on the basis of NMR and mass spectra. Results Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as deoxyaconitine (1), 3-acetylaconitine (2), aconitine (3), 15α-OH-neoline (4), 8-acetyl-15-hydroxyneoline (5), neoline (6), 14-benzoyl-8-O-methylaconine (7), benzoylaconine (8), polyschistine D (9), benzoyldeoxyaconine (10), polyschistine A (11), and aco-nine (12). Conclusion Diterpene alkaloids are the main chemical constituents of A. pendulum and com-pounds 4-8 are found in this plant for the first time. Compared to raw materials, some boiled processed products change into new components: polyschistine D (9), benzoyldeoxyaconine (10), polyschistine A (11), and aconine (12). Identification of these components provides basis for the processing principles.