天麻商品等级与天麻素和天麻多糖的相关性研究

目的研究天麻中天麻素和天麻多糖的量与天麻商品规格、等级和产地之间的相关性,评价天麻的质量。方法分别采用HPLC法和苯酚-硫酸法测定了35份冬天麻、春天麻及其不同等级天麻样品中天麻素和天麻多糖量;结合性状鉴别特征,分析这2种活性成分与天麻商品规格、等级、产地等因素之间的关系。结果冬天麻中天麻多糖的量(26.05%)高于春天麻(20.21%),而天麻素的量则是冬天麻(0.49%)低于春天麻(0.68%)。在不同等级的天麻中,天麻多糖的量与等级有关,一等(32.65%)、二等天麻(32.89%)高于三等(21.71%)、四等天麻(14.57%);而天麻素的量相近,一、二、三、四等天麻中天麻素的量分别为0.46%、0.65%、0.43%和0.44%。四川、陕西、云南等天麻道地产地的样品中天麻素和天麻多糖量均较高。结论建立的HPLC法和苯酚-硫酸法可准确测定天麻中天麻素和天麻多糖的量。天麻多糖的量与天麻商品规格、等级和经验鉴别优劣的结果相符合,可作为天麻质量评价的指标。

Correlation between contents of gastrodin and polysaccharides with grade of Gastrodia Tuber

Objective To study the correlation between the contents of gastrodin and polysaccharides with the variety of commercial specifications, grades, and cultivated areas of Gastrodia Tuber (Tianma), the tuber of Gastrodia elata, and then to choose the suitable chemical marker to assess the quality of Tianma raw materials. Methods Gastrodin and polysaccharides were quantified in 35 Tianma samples including Winter Tianma which was harvested in winter, Spring Tianma which was harvested in spring with their different grades and cultivation areas by HPLC and spectrophotometry, respectively. Combined with the morphological characteristics, the correlation between the various Tianma samples with the amounts of gastrodin and polysaccharides was studied. Results The content of polysaccharides in Winter Tianma (26.05%, n = 24) was higher than that in Spring Tianma (20.21%, n = 10). In contrast, the amount of gastrodin in Winter Tianma (0.49%, n = 24) was lower than that in Spring Tianma (0.68%, n = 10). Among Tianma samples with different grades, the content of polysaccharides in the first grade (32.65%, n = 6) and second grade (32.89%, n = 6) was higher than that in the third grade (21.71%, n = 8) and fourth grade samples (14.57%, n = 4). But, the amounts of gastrodin in the Tianma samples of the four grades were similar, which were 0.46% (n = 6), 0.65% (n = 6), 0.43% (n = 8), and 0.44% (n = 4) in the first, second, third, and fourth grade Tianma, respectively. Moreover, the contents of gastrodin and polysaccharides in Tianma samples collected from the famous cultivation regions such as Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan provinces of China were higher than those from others areas. Conclusion The developed HPLC and spectrophotometry methods are accurate and reliable to assay the amounts of gastrodin and polysaccharides in Tianma. The amount of polysaccharides is related to the quality of Tianma samples authenticated by the commercial specifications, grades, and traditional experience, and therefore is a better marker to assess the quality of Tianma.