乌头类中药毒性及现代毒理学研究进展

乌头类中药是一类常用有毒中药材,在我国有悠久的药用历史。其所含主要成分乌头碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱等具有显著的药理活性,同时也是其毒性成分。由于其治疗剂量和中毒剂量非常接近,临床治疗窗较窄,在临床使用过程中不良反应和中毒事件频频发生,限制其广泛应用。研究炮制或配伍对乌头急性毒性的影响,并深入了解其毒性产生的机制,对于进一步开发乌头新型制剂、指导临床更加安全合理地使用乌头类中药及其安全性评价等具有十分重要的意义。通过对近年来乌头类中药毒性成分、急性毒性及与毒性相关机制的研究文献进行综述,为临床安全使用乌头类中药提供科学依据。

Advances in studies on toxicity and modern toxicology of species in Aconitum L.

The species in Aconitum L. are commonly used in China as well known toxic herbs. Its main components, such as aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine, have significant pharmacological activity, and are also its toxic components. As a result, the therapeutic dose and toxic dose are very close, and the clinical therapeutic window is narrow. Adverse reactions and poisoning incidents occur frequently in clinic, which limits its wide applications. Modern toxicology studies on the plants of Aconitum L. to make the toxicity and its clear mechanism have important significance for more reasonable clinical guidance and safety evaluation. This paper reviews the toxicity of the plants of Aconitum L. and its mechanism and provides a scientific basis for clinical use.