羊肚菌属群体遗传学和基因组进化的研究进展

羊肚菌Morchella esculenta是子囊菌亚门的一种大型药食两用真菌,具有重要的经济价值和药用价值。然而近年来全球气候变化,导致羊肚菌属物种的栖息地破碎和片段化,加上消费者对羊肚菌美食的喜爱,过渡采挖造成羊肚菌属野生资源急剧减少,因此,急需对羊肚菌属物种资源进行保护。遗传多样性的时空分布是保护生物学的重要内容,遗传多样性关系到一个物种或类群的进化潜力和未来命运。生物基因组和进化的研究能够辅助挖掘物种深层次的优异基因资源,有利于从本质上对物种进行科学保护。从羊肚菌属的遗传多样性、遗传结构和家系关系以及基因组进化等的研究进展进行综述,以期为羊肚菌属资源的科学保护提供重要依据。

Research progress on population genetics and genomic evolution of Morchella

Morchella esculenta is a kind of medicinal and edible fungi of Ascomycetes subphylum, which is famous for its unique edible and economic values. In recent years, the habitats of Morchella is severely broken due to the rapidly global climate changes. In addition, many consumers are fond of Morchella cuisine, overharvesting resulted in the serious shortage of wild resources of Morchella. Therefore, it is an urgent scientific question to protect the diversity resources of Morchella. One of the important research contents is the distribution pattern of genetic diversity in conservation biology. Genetic diversity is associated with the evolutionary potential and future destiny of a species and/or group. The research of genome and evolution is beneficial to determine excellent genes and/or alleles of species. It is very important to protect and utilize species resources scientifically. Research progress on genetic diversity, genetic structure, genetic relationships, and genome evolution were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide an important basis for scientific protection of Morchella resources.