优质中药材栽培合理施肥探讨

优质中药材合理施肥相关研究及标准缺乏，是制约中药现代化及国际化的关键瓶颈问题之一。本文对目前农业上的施肥现状及相关标准进行了整理，根据无公害、绿色、有机农业对肥料质量及施肥技术的 相关标准要求，提出优质中药材的施肥原则、肥料选择及施肥技术。优质中药材合理施肥原则应遵循有机肥为 主，辅以其他肥料使用，养分最大效率及无害化原则。无公害中药材施肥以有机肥为主，辅以其他肥料使用；绿 色中药材施肥在无公害施肥的基础上，化肥仅允许少量使用；有机中药材肥料必须没有受到重金属、农药及其 他有害化学物质污染且经过无害化处理，禁止施用人工化学合成的各种化肥和含氯肥料，可以施用一些天然的 矿物肥料，限制使用天然矿物来源的土壤调节剂。优质中药材施肥方法应根据药用植物营养生理特点、吸肥规 律、土壤供肥性能及肥料效应，确定肥料的适宜用量和比例及相应的施肥技术。本文为优质中药材合理施肥提 供科学参考。

Study on Rational Fertilization of High Quality Chinese Herbal Medicines

The lack of research and standards related to rational fertilization of high-quality Chinese medicinal materials is one of the key bottlenecks restricting the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, the status quo and related standards of fertilization in agriculture were sorted out. According to the requirements of pollution-free, green and organic agriculture on fertilizer quality and fertilization technology, the fertilization principle, fertilizer and fertilization techniques of high- quality Chinese medicinal materials were proposed. The principle of rational fertilization of high-quality Chinese medicinal materials should be based on organic fertilizers, supplemented by other fertilizers, efficiency of nutrient utilization and harmlessness of nutrients. Non-polluted Chinese herbal medicines were mainly using organic fertilizers, and were supplemented by other chemical fertilizers. Green Chinese herbal medicines were fertilized on the basis of pollution-free fertilization, and only a small amount of fertilizers were allowed. Organic Chinese herbal fertilizers must not be exposed to heavy metals, pesticides and other harmful chemicals and must be harmlessly treated, and artificial chemical synthetic fertilizers and chlorine-containing fertilizers were entirely not allowed while some natural mineral fertilizers could be used. Some natural mineral soil conditioner can be limited used. According to the nutritional and physiological characteristics of medicinal plants, soil fertility and fertilizer, the fertilization method should determine the appropriate dosage and proportion of fertilize and the corresponding fertilization techniques. This paper provided a scientific reference for rational fertilization of high quality Chinese medicinal materials.