喷施化肥和有机肥对山药成分的影响研究＊

目的 比较并评价喷施化肥和有机肥后对山药成分的影响。方法 分别对河北安国种植的小白嘴山药分3次喷施化肥尿素和有机肥,然后收集样品,采用烘干法测定其中水分的含量,通过凯氏定氮法检测蛋白质的含量,自动氨基酸分析仪测定氨基酸的含量,苯酚-硫酸比色法检测多糖的含量,高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器联用仪（high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector,HPLC-DAD）测定尿囊素、尿嘧啶和腺苷的含量。结果 施加化肥的山药中水分、蛋白质、尿嘧啶、腺苷和尿囊素的含量较高,而施加有机肥的山药中多糖含量较高,存在一定差异性。结论 对山药种植过程中施加不同肥料,可以影响其成分含量,进而影响其质量。

Influence of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on the Components of Rhizoma Dioscoreae

Objective To compare and evaluate the effects of chemical and organic fertilizers on the main ingredients of Rhizoma Dioscoreae.Methods The Xiaobaizui Rhizoma Dioscoreae grown in Anguo, Hebei province were sprayed with chemical and organic fertilizers three times, respectively, and then the treated samples were collected. The water content in Rhizoma Dioscoreae was determined by drying method; the protein content was detected by Kjeldahl method; the amino acid content was determined by automatic amino acid analyzer; the polysaccharide content was detected by phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetry; and the contents of allantoin, uracil and adenosine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD).Results The contents of water, protein, uracil, adenosine and allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae treated with chemical fertilizer were higher than that with organic fertilizer, while the content of polysaccharide in Rhizoma Dioscoreae treated with organic fertilizer was higher.Conclusion The application with different fertilizers to Rhizoma Dioscoreae in the growth can affect their component content, further their quality.