丹参根腐病及其微生物防治研究

丹参根腐病是由腐皮镰刀菌浸染所致的一种土传病害,近年来在四川的田间发病株率达10%～30%,导致丹参产量下降,品质变劣。对丹参根腐病的防治,一般化学农药难于有效,而且滥用化学农药会造成农药残留污染。利用有益微生物控制病原菌是一种可行的措施,本研究从生长在不同生态环境的丹参根际土样中分离了一批木霉菌株,通过室内拮抗试验和田间防病增产试验,筛选出了对腐皮镰刀菌有较强拮抗作用的哈茨木霉T23、桔绿木霉T56等菌株。田间试验结果,T23、T56对丹参根腐病的防效分别为52.3%和55.7%,与常用化学杀菌剂多菌灵的防效相当,表明木霉防治丹参根病病具有较好的应用前景。

Study on Root Rot Disease of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and its Control by Microorganisms

The root rot of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae is one of the soil-borne diseases caused by Fusarium solani, which results in the reduction of yields and the decline of quality. In recent years, the incidence of diseased plants in the field has varied from 10% to 30% in Sichuan province. It is difficult to control this disease by farm chemicals, which may pollute this medicinal crop and its environment if applied irrationally. Nevertheless, it is feasible to control the pathogenic bacteria of this desease by beneficial microorganisms.In the study of the authors, a host of type cultures of Trichoderma spp. effective to control Fusarium solani are isolated from soils around the rhizosphere of this plant growing in different ecological envronments, of which T. harzianum T23 citrinoriride T56 have proved to be most effective through antagonist test in the laboratory and the test of preventing diseases and increasing yields in the field. In the field test, the control effects of T23 and T56 on the root rot disease of this plant are 52.3% and 55.7% respectively, equivalent to Carbendazol, showing that Trichoderma spp. has a potential prospect in the control of the disease.