黄芩种群遗传多样性初步研究

分析中药黄芩道地性与遗传多样性。方法:用随机扩增的DNA多态性分析(RAPD)方法,对13个居群62个黄芩Scutellariabaicalensis和并头黄芩S.scordifolia样本,进行遗传多样性及黄芩居群遗传变异测定。结果:用14个随机引物,共获得114个条带,其中多态性条带112条。黄芩在物种水平上的多态性条带比率(PPB)值为95.5%,居群水平的平均PPB值为41.9%。黄芩样本RAPD聚类分析(UPGMA)没有表现出明显的分支,但显示出与地理位置有关三个类群。分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示,黄芩居群间的遗传变异占总变异的18.83%,居群内变异占81.17%。结论:首次在分子水平上证明黄芩道地性与遗传变异和地理环境有关系,并提出黄芩栽培选种的策略应该是最大限度地保持其遗传多样性。

A Preliminary Study on Genetic Diversity of Populations of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae)

Objective:To analyse genetic diversity of Scutellarria baicalensis and geo-herblism of Huangqin,root of S.baicalensis.Method:By the method of randomly amplifying polymorphic analysis of DNA(RAPD),to test the genetic diversity and genetic variance of the populations of S.baicalensis via13natural populations and62samples of S.baicalensis and S.Scondifolia.Result:114bands have been detected by using14ten-bp arbitrary primers,of which112are polymorphic.The percentage of polymorphic bands(PPB)of S.baicalensis is95.5%at the level of its species while the average PPB of them is41.9%at the level of its populations.The samples of S.baicalensis have showed no obvious branches but demonstrated three groups related to their geographical distribution in the RAPD cluster analysis of UPGMA.The analysis of its molecular variance(AMOVA)has showed that in the total genetic diversity,the percentage of genetic diversity among the populations of S.baicalensis is18.83%and that within one population is81.17%.Cconclusion:The study has first proved at molecular level that the geo-herblism and genetic variance of S.Baicalensis have close ties with their geographical environment,and made the suggestion that the genetic diversity of S.Baicalensis should be kept as far as possible in its seed selection and cultivation.