Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth and eye diseases: A review on phytochemistry,pharmacology and toxicology |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia;2. School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, 42610 Selangor, Malaysia;3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, 42610 Selangor, Malaysia;4. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;5. Optimax Sunway Eye Specialist Centre, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Selangor, Malaysia;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southwest State University, Kursk 305040, Russian Federation;2. Electrical Energy Department, Balqa Applied University, Amman 11937, Jordan;3. Civil Engineering Department, Zarqa University, Zarqa Governorate 13222, Jordan;4. Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russian Federation;5. Pediatric Faculty, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk 305041, Russian Federation;1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;1. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;2. The Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, School of Public Health, the University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia;3. Institute for Sustainable Futures, the University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia;4. The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2037, Australia;5. Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;6. Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia;1. Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;1. Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China;2. Humanities and Management School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China;3. School of Chinese Classics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China;4. School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China;6. School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China;7. School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China;1. Department of General Practice, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;2. Department of General Practice, Changhai Hongkou Hospital, Shanghai 200081, China;3. Department of Special Clinic, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;4. Shanghai Institute of Biochemical and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;5. Department of Nursing, Shidong Hospital, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200438, China;6. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China |
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| Abstract: | Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth is a medicinal plant used to manage inflammatory illnesses such as conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal and respiratory tract disorders in tropical and subtropical regions. However, little is known about its pharmacological mechanism of action against eye diseases. This review aims to critically discuss the phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of P. pellucida as well as its roles in the treatment of cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Recent developments in the uses of P. pellucida for healthcare and nutraceutical products by the pharmaceutical industry are also covered in this review. For this review, a literature search was performed with PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder Scholar and Scopus databases, using relevant keywords. Among the various phytochemicals identified from P. pellucida, β-caryophyllene, carotol, dillapiole, ellagic acid, pellucidin A, phytol and vitexin exhibit strong pharmacological activities within the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways in inflammatory eye diseases. The antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and anti-angiogenic activities displayed by P. pellucida extracts in many in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies suggest its potential role in the management of inflammatory eye diseases. P. pellucida extract was non-toxic against normal cell lines but displayed mild toxicity in animal models. The growing public interest in P. pellucida has inspired the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries to process the plant into health products. Although the potential pharmacological mechanisms against eye diseases have been summarized, further studies of the interactions among constituent phytochemicals from P. pellucida within various signalling pathways shall support the use of the plant as an alternative therapeutic source. |
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| Keywords: | Phytochemistry Pharmacology Toxicology Cataract Diabetic retinopathy Glaucoma |
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