以石斛为例研究多基原及非药用目标选育品种的质量差异

目的:以石斛为例研究多基原及非药用目标选育品种的质量差异。方法:分析铁皮石斛和石斛药材的6个原生种、12个观赏选育石斛品种及1种石斛类药材中常见近缘易混品的5种化学成分和体外抗氧化活性,对比铁皮石斛与其中1种观赏秋石斛的免疫调节和抑菌活性差异。结果:铁皮石斛与石斛药材的多个基原物种、易混伪品金石斛之间的化学成分和体外抗氧化活性均存在差异;金钗石斛与其他4种同样可作为石斛药材使用的原生石斛相比,测定的5种成分中至少有2种成分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);全部12种观赏石斛的5种成分中,至少有2种成分分别与铁皮石斛或金钗石斛差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但在抗氧化活性指标中有个别品种与两者差异无统计学意义;铁皮石斛与观赏石斛的药理活性差异有统计学意义,表现在两者的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力和血清溶血素半数溶血值(HC 50)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两者不同提取部位的体外抑菌活性差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:来源不同物种或非药用目标选育品种的石斛药材质量存在差异,临床上应慎重选择使用。

Study on Quality Difference of Multi-sources and Non-medicinal Germplasm Used in Medicine:A Case Study of Dendrobium

Objective:To study the quality difference of multi-sources and non-medicinal germplasm used in medicine with Dendrobium as a example.Methods:6 native species,12 ornamental cultivars and 1 adulterant of Dendrobium were compared 5 chemical composition and antioxidant activity in vitro.The immune regulation and antibacterial activities between D.officinale and 1 ornamental Dendrobium were also compared.Results:There were differences in chemical composition and antioxidant activity between D.officinale and other native species.Compared with the other 4 native Dendrobium which can also be used as Dendrobii Caulis,at least 2 of the 5 components measured were significantly different from D.nobile.Among the 5 components of all 12 Dendrobium,at least 2 components were significantly different from D.officinale or D.nobile(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in antioxidant activity between several ornamental varieties and D.officinale or D.nobile.There were significant differences in the pharmacological activities of D.officinale and ornamental Dendrobium,including the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages and half hemolytic value(HC 50)of serum hemolysin,as well as the bacteriostatic activities in vitro between some extraction sites.Conclusion:The quality of Dendrobium from different species or ornamental cultivars was different,it should be used carefully in clinic.