《中国药典》2020年版软体动物门药用动物养殖研究进展

分析《中华人民共和国药典》（以下简称《中国药典》）2020年版软体动物门药用动物养殖的研究现状，为软体动物门药用动物养殖情况提供参考。通过统计《中国药典》2020年版对软体动物门药用动物的收载情况，以及通过比较近年来文献报道的药用动物的养殖状况，对收载动物的地理分布与栖息环境，生活习性与活动规律，养殖技术中养殖方法与设施、饲养饵料、疾病防治进行分类对比。《中国药典》2020年版共收载软体动物门7类，其中包括药用动物19种，具有养殖情况的有12种，药用部位是外壳（石决明、蛤壳、瓦楞子、牡蛎）、珍珠（珍珠母、珍珠）或内壳（海螵蛸）。《中国药典》2020年版较2015年版所记载软体动物门中药用动物的养殖情况有所增加，其中皱纹盘鲍、三角帆蚌养殖技术成熟，文蛤、青蛤、金乌贼、泥蚶、长牡蛎的养殖达到扩养状态，无针乌贼、毛蚶、近江牡蛎是试养状态。为软体动物门药用动物的可持续发展提供保证和基础。

Research Progress of the Breeding of Medicinal Molluscs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

To analyze the research status of the breeding of medicinal molluscs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), and provide the basis for their breeding. By analyzing the collection of medicinal molluscs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), and the breeding situation of the collected medicinal animals reported in literature in recent years, we classified and compared the geographical distribution, habitat, living habits, and activity rules of the collected animals, and the breeding technologies such as breeding methods and facilities, feeding bait, and disease prevention and control. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) contained 7 molluscs, including 19 species of medicinal animals, of which 12 had been bred. The medicinal parts were shells, pearls or internal shells (cuttlebone). Compared with that in Chinese Pharmacopoeia published in 2015, the number of bred medicinal molluscs was increased in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). The breeding technologies for Haliotis discus and Hyriopsis cumingii were mature. The breeding of Meretrix meretrix, Cyclina sinensis, Sepia esculenta, Tegillarca granosa, and Crassostrea gigas have reached the state of expansion, and Sepiella maindroni, Scapharca kagoshimensis and Crassostrea ariakensis were in trial breeding. This paper provided reference and foundation for the sustainable development of medicinal molluscs.