古今灸材及灸法的比较

依据文献资料就古今灸材及灸法作一比较，以期推动灸法的应用与发展。古今灸疗临床施灸材料中艾占主要地位，其他材料辅之。在现代临床中，灸法出现频率居前3位的是艾条灸、艾炷间接灸、温针灸，这3项的累积频率达64．98％，而化脓灸仅占1．1％，居第17位。由此可以看出，在灸疗临床上化脓灸的使用减少，其他灸法应用增多。古代文献中间接灸法所应用的间隔材料种类繁多，其中以蒜、盐、豆豉饼、附子、姜占主要地位。现代临床文献中艾炷间接灸法所应用的间隔材料减少，以姜、药、蒜、盐占主要地位。古今文献对比，可以看出现代间接灸间隔材料的种类减少；隔蒜灸的应用明显减少，而隔姜灸和隔药灸的应用明显增多。古今对灸量都相当重视，古代医家多根据患者年龄、体质，施灸部位，病情、病性，艾炷大小，灸感，施灸次数，天时、地理，发灸疮与否及灸疮的颜色来定施灸的灸量；而现代人所掌握的灸量，多是在古代灸量的基础上，总结出的一套适用于现代临床的方法，是以艾炷的大小、壮数的多少，艾条的大小，施灸时间的长短，施灸的频率，施灸的疗程以及灸感等来决定的。

Comparison of Moxibustion Materials and Methods between Ancient and Modern Times

This article was to promote the application and development of moxibustion by comparing the moxibustion materials and methods between ancient and modern times based on literature. Moxa plays a predominant role among moxi- bustion materials in both ancient and modern times, followed by other materials. In modem clinic, the top three moxibus- tion methods are moxa - stick moxibustion, indirect moxa - cone moxibustion, and warm needling moxibustion according to the frequency of occurrence, and their cumulative frequency approaches is 64.98% ; while festering moxibustion only occupies 1.1% , ranking the 17th. hg concluded that the application of festering moxibustion goes down in moxibustion clinic while other moxibustion methods are used increasingly. Described in ancient literature, there were many kinds of spacing materials used in indirect moxibustion, of which, garlic, salt, Douchi （Semen Sojae Praeparatum） cake, Fuzi （Radix Aeoniti Laterails Preparata） , and ginger occupy major positions. In modern clinical literature, spacing materials are less used in indirect moxa- cone moxibustion, mostly represented by ginger, Chinese medicine, garlic and salt. The comparison between ancient and modern literature shows that the spacing materials used in indirect moxibustion are re- duced in kinds in modem times; the application of garlic- partitioned moxibustion reduces, while the use of ginger and herbal -partitioned moxibustion increases. Moxibustion quantity is emphasized in both ancient and modern times. Ancient physicians usually determined the quantity according to patients＇age, physical constitution, condition and nature of diseases, size of moxa cone, moxibustion sensation, moxibustion frequency, season, environment, fester, and the col- or of fester; in modem times, moxibustion quantity often refers to a set of method applicable to modern clinic, summa- rized from the ancient moxibustion quantity, and depending on size of moxa cone, cone amount, size of moxa stick, as well as duration, frequency, treatment course of moxibustion, and moxibustion sensation.