天葵生长发育习性与药材形态形成相关性研究

目的:探讨天葵的生长发育特性及规律,以及与不同形状药材的关系。方法:在生长期对天葵进行连续的观察与研究,并对市售天葵药材进行观察与测量。结果:种子萌发植株及其后主根萌发的第1～2年植株只有基生叶,无地上茎不开花;此后每年从主根顶端萌发植株并开花结果,地上茎数、开花数、根的大小逐渐增加。天葵的药用部位不是块根,应为肉质直根。天葵地上植株的生长经过从秋季-冬季-次年春季,春季开花结果,以肉质直根越夏。天葵的生长习性与温度有较大关系。不同生长年限天葵药材性状不同,野生状态下天葵药材形成约需3年以上。结论:为天葵的栽培及进一步利用提供参考,为天葵药材鉴别提供依据。

Study on Correlation Between the Habits of Growing Development and the Formation of Morphology of Semiaquilegia adoxoides

Objectives: To study the characteristics and regular patterns in growing development of Semiaquilegia adoxoides,and their correlation with the characters medicine materials.Methods: Continuous observation and study was conducted during growth periods,and observation and measuring was adopted on commercially available Semiaquilegia adoxoides samples.Results: Plants germinated from seeds and those in their first or second year since germinating from main roots had only basal leaves,there were no aboveground stems or process of flowering and fruiting.After that,plants would germinate from the top of main roots,flower and bear fruit,and the number of aboveground stem and flowers,the size of roots would increase gradually.The medicinal part of Semiaquilegia adoxoides should be fleshy tap root rather than root tuber.The aboveground plants of Semiaquilegia adoxoides experienced the growing process from autumn,through winter to the next spring.They flowered and bore fruit in spring and lived through summer with fleshy tap roots.There was relatively strong correlation between Semiaquilegia adoxoides′s habits of growing development and temperature.The characters of Semiaquilegia adoxoides medicinal materials with various growth years were different,and the formation of Semiaquilegia adoxoides medicinal materials took more than 3 years under the wild state.Conclusion: The results provide a reference for cultivation and further utilization of Semiaquilegia adoxoides,and also serve as the basis for identification of Semiaquilegia adoxoides medicinal materials.