Extracellular vesicles: Their emerging roles in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases |
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Authors: | Mitsuhiro Yamada |
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Institution: | 1. Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan;2. Nakajima Medical Clinic, 1-8-3 Mikagenakamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0054, Japan;3. I&H Co.,Ltd, 1-7-20, Mikagenakamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0054, Japan;1. Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Japan;2. Department of Laboratory of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan;3. Department of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan |
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Abstract: | Alveoli are the basic structure of the lungs, consisting of various types of parenchymal and bone marrow-derived cells including alveolar macrophages. These various types of cells have several important functions; thus, communication between these cells plays an important role in homeostasis as well as in the pathophysiology of diseases in the lungs. For a better understanding of the pathophysiology of lung diseases, researchers have isolated each type of lung cell to investigate the changes in their gene expressions, including their humoral factor or adhesion molecules, to reveal the intercellular communication among these cells. In particular, investigations during the past decade have focused on extracellular vesicles, which are lipid bilayer delimited vesicles released from a cell that can move among various cells and transfer substances, including microRNAs, mRNAs and proteins, thus, functioning as intercellular messengers. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into three general groups: apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and microparticles. Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes and microparticles, are attracting increasing attention from pulmonologists as tools for understanding pathogenesis and disease diagnosis. Here, we review studies, including our own, on exosomes and microparticles and their roles in both lung homeostasis and the pathogenesis of lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive lung diseases, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review also addresses the roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, the current global public health crisis. |
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Keywords: | Extracellular vesicles Exosome Microparticle COVID-19 ACE"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0035"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE2"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ARDS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0055"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome CLP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0065"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Cecal ligation and puncture COPD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0075"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COVID-19"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0085"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Coronavirus disease 2019 EMPs"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0095"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Endothelial microparticles EVs"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0105"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Extracellular vesicles Forced expiratory volume in 1 s FVC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0125"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Forced vital capacity IPF"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0135"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis LPS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0145"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Lipopolysaccharide PBS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0155"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Phosphate-buffered saline SARS-CoV-2"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0165"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
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