缺血性卒中住院患者年龄特征与头颈部大动脉病变分布的多中心研究结果分析

目的探讨不同年龄段缺血性脑血管病患者脑大动脉病变分布特点及危险因素的差异,为不同年龄段卒中的防治提供依据。方法连续性纳入2015年6月至2016年5月全国20家中心因短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)与缺血性卒中住院患者共10 711例,从40岁起始,以每10岁为一年龄段将所有患者分为5个年龄段,比较不同年龄段间脑血管病危险因素差异。再将所有患者按性别分开,应用趋势卡方检验比较同一性别不同年龄段患者颅内、外及前、后循环大动脉狭窄的发生率和血管病变支数。结果 (1)老年患者危险因素以高血压、糖尿病、心房颤动居多(χ~2值分别为61.938、13.349、55.940,均P0.01);中青年吸烟史、脑血管病家族史及肥胖者居多(χ~2值分别为131.505、7.298、100.911,均P0.01)。(2)线性趋势卡方检验结果显示,随年龄增长,女性、男性颅外动脉病变中多支血管病变所占的比例均逐渐增加(χ~2值分别为54.799、161.370,均P0.01);女性患者颅内动脉多支血管病变所占比例逐渐下降(χ~2=5.328,P=0.021),而男性患者颅内动脉病变中多支血管狭窄所占的比例无明显变化趋势(χ~2=0.289,P=0.591)。(3)线性趋势卡方检验结果显示,随年龄增长,女性、男性单纯颅内动脉狭窄发生率均逐渐减少(χ~2=20.090;χ~2=42.351,均P0.01),单纯颅外动脉狭窄发生率均逐渐升高(χ~2=40.311;χ~2=90.698,均P0.01),颅内外动脉均存在狭窄的发生率逐渐升高(χ~2=12.077,P=0.001;χ~2=45.887,P0.01);女性单纯后循环血管狭窄发生率逐渐升高(χ~2=16.434,P0.01),男性单纯后循环血管狭窄发生率无变化趋势(χ~2=1.701,P=0.192),女性、男性前后循环动脉均狭窄的发生率逐渐升高(χ~2=4.587,P=0.032;χ~2=35.156,P0.01)。结论不同年龄段缺血性脑血管病患者动脉粥样硬化病变分布存在差异,不论女性还是男性,中青年患者主要为颅内动脉病变,老年患者主要为颅外动脉病变,女性老年患者存在后循环动脉病变较多。认识不同年龄段患者颅内动脉病变特征,将有助于针对不同年龄段人群制定个体化的卒中防治策略。

Age characteristics and distribution of cerivocerebral large artery lesions in inpatients with cerebral ischemia:an analysis of multi-center research results

Objective To investigate the differences of distribution characteristics and risk factors of large artery lesions in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease in different age groups in order to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of stroke in different age groups.Methods From June 2015 to May 2016,a total of 10 711 consecutive inpatients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke from 20 centers nationwide were enrolled.Each 10 years was used as an age group from 40 years.All the patients were divided into 5 age groups.The differences of the different risk factors for cerebrovascular disease among the 5 groups were compared.All patients were separated by gender.The chi square test was used to compare the incidences of large artery stenosis of the intracranial and external and anterior and posterior circulation,and the number of vascular lesions in the same sex in different age groups.Results (1) The risk factors of elderly patients were mainly hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and atrial fibrillation (χ2=61.938,χ2=13.349,and χ2=55.940;all P<0.01).The smoking history,family history of cerebrovascular disease,and obesity were more frequent among the young and middle-aged people (χ2=131.505,χ2=7.298,and χ2=100.911,all P<0.01).(2) The linear trend chi square test results showed that the proportion of multivessel diseases in female and male extracranial arterial lesions increased gradually with the increase of age.(χ2=54.799,χ2=161.370,all P<0.01).The proportion of multivessel diseases in the intracranial artery in female decreased gradually (χ2=5.328,P=0.021),and that in male did not have obvious trend of change (χ2=0.289,P=0.591).(3) The linear trend chi square test results showed that the incidence of simple intracranial arterial stenosis in female and male intracranial arterial stenosis decreased gradually with the increase of age (χ2=20.090,χ2=42.351,all P<0.01),and the incidence of simple extracranial arterial stenosis increased gradually (χ2=40.311,χ2=90.698,all P<0.01).The incidence of both intracranial and extracranial artery stenoses increased gradually (χ2=12.077,χ2=45.887,all P<0.01).The incidence of simple posterior circulation vascular stenosis increased gradually in female (χ2=16.434,P<0.01),but that did not have obvious trend of change in male (χ2=1.701,P=0.192).The incidence of stenosis of both anterior and posterior arteries in female and male increased gradually (χ2=4.587,P=0.032;χ2=35.156,P<0.01).Conclusions The distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in ischemic cerebrovascular disease of the different age groups was different.No matter female or male patients,the majority of the young and middle-aged patients were intracranial artery lesions,and the elderly patients were mainly extracranial artery lesions.The majority of elderly women had posterior circulation artery lesions.Understanding the characteristics in patients with intracranial arterial lesion in different age groups will help to develop individualized stroke prevention and treatment strategies for the population of different age groups.