农村HIV感染者/AIDS病人膳食营养宣教效果评价

目的评价艾滋病（AIDS）疫情高发村,艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/AIDS病人膳食营养宣传教育的效果,探索适合AIDS病人较为集中的农村地区的营养宣教模式。方法对320名HIV感染者/AIDS病人实施以艾滋病治疗点诊疗人员指导为主、社区宣传为辅的膳食营养宣教活动,宣教前后对随机抽取的48名和43名对象,采用3天24小时膳食回顾法,调查营养素摄入情况并进行比较。结果调查对象能量、蛋白质、核黄素、铁、硒和锌平均每日摄入量,在宣教后有不同程度的提高,其中能量摄入量由宣教前的1 666.68 kcal提高到宣教后的1 843.79kcal,蛋白质由49.71g提高到58.53g,核黄素由0.68mg提高到0.92mg,铁由21.00mg提高到29.07mg,硒由45.78μg提高到57.62μg,锌由6.94mg提高到8.56mg。能量、蛋白质、维生素E、核黄素、铁和硒摄入量,未达到推荐摄入量人数所占的比例,在宣教后有不同程度的下降。结论营养宣教活动取得了较好的效果,目标人群几种重要营养素的摄入量有不同程度的提高。以艾滋病治疗点诊疗人员指导为主、社区宣传为辅的膳食营养宣教模式,在HIV感染者/AIDS病人较为集中的农村地区是可行的。

Effectiveness evaluation of nutrition education among HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients in rural areas of China

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education among HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients in villages with high HIV prevalence,and to explore a feasible model of nutrition education in rural areas with more HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients.Methods A total of 320 HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients were provided with dietary guidance in HIV clinics,which was supported by nutrition education in the community;48 HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients were selected for dietary survey before nutrition education,and 43-after nutrition education by random sampling.In the dietary survey the subjects were asked to recall 24 hour-dietary intakes in the successive 3 days.Results The average daily intakes of energy,protein,vitamin B2,iron,selenium and Zn were improved after nutrition education.The average daily intake of energy increased from 1666.68 kcal to 1843.79 kcal,protein from 49.71g to 58.53g,vitamin B2 from 0.68mg to 0.92mg,iron from 21.00mg to 29.07mg,selenium from 45.78μg to 57.62μg,and Zn from 6.94mg to 8.56mg.The proportions of people whose average daily intakes of energy,protein,vitamin E,vitamin B2,iron and Se failed to reach the recommended nutrient intakes decreased to a certain extent after the education.Conclusion The nutrition education has obtained good effects and the average daily intakes of several important nutrients have been improved.Dietary guidance provided by medical care staff in HIV clinics which is supported by nutrition education in the community is a feasible model in rural areas with more HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients.