浙江省丽水地区中老年居民吸烟行为及人群特征分析

目的通过了解丽水地区中老年居民的吸烟行为和相应的人群特点，为开展控烟工作提供理论证据。 方法选定丽水地区3个街道（乡镇）中年龄50～80岁的常住户籍人口，按照10%的比例进行整群抽样调查。调查问卷包含基线资料、吸烟（包括主动吸烟和被动吸烟）情况、吸烟健康知识等内容。汇总吸烟人群的调查资料，分析吸烟人群的分布特征。多组间计量资料的比较采用方差分析，计数资料的比较采用χ²检验。 结果共发放问卷5 627份，回收完整有效问卷3 090份。现在吸烟者共631名，现在非吸烟者共2 459名，标化后的吸烟率为21.6%，男性吸烟率为43.4%，女性吸烟率为0.12%。男性调查者中的现在吸烟人群主要表现为不同年龄、文化程度、职业、居住地的分布差异（χ²=37.984、25.445、7.249、25.593，P<0.05）。被动吸烟者789名（其中男性208例，女性551例），主要表现为不同年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地的人群分布差异（χ²=54.922、151.962、15.039、19.365、16.316，P<0.05）。健康知识得分总体表现出不同年龄、文化程度、职业、居住地的人群分布差异（F=8.352、24.905、4.598、82.934，P<0.05）。 结论本地区吸烟人群具有明显的分布特征，男性吸烟率和女性被动吸烟率高，应针对吸烟的人群分布特点精准实施控烟宣传推广工作。

Smoking behavior and population characteristics of middle-aged and elderly residents in Lishui,Zhejiang Province

ObjectiveTo understand the smoking behavior of middle-aged and elderly residents in Lishui and the characteristics of the corresponding population, so as to provide theoretical evidence for tobacco control. MethodsA cluster sampling survey was conducted among the permanent residents aged 50~80 in three streets (townships) of Lishui. The questionnaire included baseline information, smoking (including active smoking and passive smoking) and smoking health knowledge. The survey data of smokers were collected and the distribution characteristics of smokers were analyzed. Analysis of variance was used to compare the measurement data between groups, and the chi square test was used to compare the count data. ResultsA total of 5 627 questionnaires were distributed and 3 090 valid questionnaires were collected. There are 631 smokers and 2 459 non-smokers. The standardized smoking rate is 21.6%, 43.4% for men and 0.12% for women. Among the male respondents, the main performance was the distribution difference of current smokers with different age, education level, occupation and residence (χ²=37.984, 25.445, 7.249, 25.593, P < 0.05). There were 789 passive smokers including 208 males and 551 females, the main performance was the population distribution difference of different age, gender, education level, marital status and residence (χ²=54.922, 151.962, 15.039, 19.365, 16.316, P < 0.05). The scores of health knowledge were different in different age, education, occupation and residence (F=8.352, 24.905, 4.598, 82.934, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe smoking population in Lishui has obvious distribution characteristics, and the male smoking rate and female passive smoking rate are high. The tobacco control publicity and promotion work should be carried out precisely according to the distribution characteristics of the smoking population.