城市血吸虫病综合防治措施的研究

目的探索快速控制城市血吸虫病流行的综合措施。方法在城市血吸虫病流行区选择3个试点现场,南津港、太平桥2个点采取以化疗为主的综合防治措施,小柳叶洲点采取以环境改造灭螺为主的综合防治措施。结果南津港点3年居民血吸虫感染率分别为2.80%、2.60%和2.24%,并发生急性血吸虫病2例;感染螺平均密度分别为0.0009、0.0027、0.0020只/0.1m2。小柳叶洲点3年无居民粪检阳性者,无急性血吸虫病例,哨鼠感染率为0,没有查到感染性钉螺。太平桥点3年居民感染率分别为1.18%、0.20%和0.26%,无急性血吸虫病例,家畜感染率分别为6.35%、3.57%和3.85%,2004年发现感染性钉螺,平均密度为0.0001只/0.1m2。结论在城市血吸虫病流行区,采取以环境改造灭螺为主、人群化疗、健康教育、药物灭螺灭蚴的综合防治措施能快速控制疫情。采取以化疗为主的综合防治措施,难以有效控制疫情。

Evaluation on comprehensive control measures for urban schistosomiasis

Objective To explore the comprehensive control measures for urban schistosomiasis. Methods Three pilots of schistosomiasis endemic cities were selected from 2002 to 2004, and the comprehensive measures mainly including chemotherapy were carried out in 2 pilots (Nanjingang, and Taipingqiao) and the comprehensive measure mainly including snail control were performed in Xiao Liuyezhou. Results From 2002 to 2004, the infection rates of schistosomiasis in residents in Nanjingang were 2.80%, 2.60% and 2.24%, respectively, with an incidence of 2 acute schistosomiasis patients. At the same time, the densities of infected snails were 0.0009,0.0027,0.0020 snails/0.1 m~2, without apparent changes in terms of the endemic aspects. However, in Xiao Liuyezhou, there was no positive case examined by stool and no incidence of acute schistosomiasis, no infection of schistosomiasis in sentinel mice and no infected snails detected during the period of three years. On the other hand, in Taipingqiao, the infection rates of schistosomiasis in residents were 1.67%,0.20% and 0.26%, respectively, without incidence of acute schistosomiasis.The infection rates of schistosomiasis in domestic animals were 6.35%,3.57% and 3.85%.In 2004, the infected snails with the density of 0.0001 snails/0.1 m~2 were detected, and the endemic situation was not controlled. Conclusions In schistosomiasis endemic cities, the comprehensive measures mainly including environmental modification, combined with population chemotherapy, health education, snail and cercaria control, could quickly control the transmission of schistosomiasis. However, the comprehensive measures mainly including chemotherapy are hard to control schistosomiasis endemic.