2018 年安徽省血吸虫病疫情分析

目的 报告并分析 2018 年全省血吸虫病疫情状况与近年的变化趋势。 方法 对 2004 年以来,特别是 2018 年的全省血吸虫病疫情资料进行统计与分析。 结果 截至 2018 年底,全省共有 9 个市的 50 个县(市、区)流行 血吸虫病,其中 27 个达到传播控制标准、13 个达到传播阻断标准、10 个达到消除标准。 2018 年,全省共询检 214. 7 万人,发现阳性 470 689 人;血检 98. 9 万人,发现阳性 11 759 人;粪检 12. 7 万人,未发现阳性病人;全省现有病人数 为 5 890 人,其中推算慢性病人 538 例、晚期血吸虫病 5 352 例,无急性血吸虫病病例,人群平均感染率为 0. 08%;全 省流行村牛存栏 26 470 头,共血检 528 头,粪检 12 992 头,未发现病牛。 全省共调查钉螺 84 365. 2 hm² ,查出钉螺面 积 20 269. 3 hm² ,其中新发现钉螺 15. 0 hm² 、复现钉螺 45. 9 hm² ,未发现感染性钉螺;累计药物灭螺面积 10 763. 8 hm² ,消灭钉螺面积 137. 4 hm² ,年底尚有钉螺面积 26 434. 0 hm² 。 2018 年,全省 50 个国家级血吸虫病监测点病情监 测未发现病人、病畜,钉螺监测显示有螺框出现率 11. 2%,活螺平均密度 0. 38 只/ 0. 11m² ,未发现感染性钉螺。 2004 ~ 2018 年,全省人群和牛的平均感染率均呈现明显的下降趋势,分别下降了 90.4%和 100%,有螺面积在 2. 64 亿 m² ~ 3. 10 亿 m² 间徘徊波动并有小幅下降,已连续 6 年未发现急性血吸虫病例和感染性钉螺。 结论 全省血吸虫病疫 情进一步下降,局部地区仍然存在血吸虫病传播风险。 为达到血吸虫病传播阻断乃至消除血吸虫病的目标,仍需要 加大防治及监测工作的力度。

Endemic status of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province in 2018

Objective To analyze the endemic status of schistosomiasis in 2018 and epidemiological trend of this disease in the past years in Anhui Province.Methods The data on schistosomiasis prevalence and control were collected and analyzed in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2018.Results By the end of 2018,among 50 counties endemic for Schistomiasis japonica distributed in 9 cities in Anhui,27,13 and 10 counties had reached the criteria of transmission control,transmission interruption and elimination,respectively.In 2018,2.147 million people were screened by inquiring investigation,0.989 million people by blood tests and 0.127 million by stool examination,which revealed positive results in 470689,11759 and 0,respectively.It was estimated that 5890 people were infected by schistosome,including chronic cases estimated in 538 and advanced cases in 5352.No acute cases were reported.The mean infection rate was 0.08%in human.In the 26470 bovines being raised in endemic areas,528 bovines were screened by blood test,and 12992 by stool test.No infection was found.The snail survey covered an area of 84365.2 hm^2,and snails were found in an area of 20269.3 hm^2,including 15.0 hm^2 with newly emerging snails and 45.9 hm^2 with reemerging snails.No infected snails were found.A total of 10763.8 hm^2 area with snail was controlled by using molluscicides,and 137.4 hm^2 with snails were eradicated.The area infested with Oncomelania hupensis snails was 26434.0 hm^2 in the end of 2018.The data of 50 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites showed that no population or livestock infection in 2018,the rate of frame and the density of living snail was 11.2%,0.38/0.11 m 2,respectively.A remarkable decline was found in the infection rate in human and bovines by 90.4%and 100%,respectively,from 2004 to 2018.The area with snail distribution was fluctuated between 0.264 billion m 2 and 0.310 billion m 2.No infected snails and acute cases of schistosomiasis had been found since 2013.Conclusion The results show that the schistosomiasis transmission tends to decline in Anhui,yet the transmission risk of schistosomiasis remains in some areas.Strengthened prevention and surveillance is essential for following goal in transmission interruption and even elimination of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province.